设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着汽车保有量的不断增加，车内人员因高温、缺氧导致的窒息风险日益凸显。传统的车内安全防护依赖人工检查，存在响应滞后、无法实时监测等问题，难以应对车内环境突变带来的安全威胁。车内人员防窒息控制系统的设计与实现，旨在通过自动化监测与智能调控，为车内人员安全提供主动防护。
该系统以 STC89C52 单片机为核心，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、SGP30 二氧化碳传感器、D203S 人体热释电传感器、步进电机（控制车窗）、继电器（检测车辆熄火状态）、AIR7804G 通信模块、3 个独立按键、LCD1602 显示屏及声光报警装置，实现了车内环境的实时监测与安全防护。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 实时监测车内温湿度，SGP30 检测二氧化碳浓度，D203S 判断车内是否有人；当检测到人且温湿度超上下限或二氧化碳浓度超上限时，触发声光报警；若车辆未熄火且温度或二氧化碳过高，自动控制步进电机打开车窗；若车辆已熄火且环境参数超标，通过 AIR7804G 模块向监护人发送短信并自动开窗；支持通过 3 个独立按键设置各参数阈值，LCD1602 显示屏实时显示测量值。
该系统的实现，有效提升了车内人员安全防护的自动化水平，能及时应对车内环境异常，减少窒息风险，为同类车载安全设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STC89C52；车内安全；防窒息；传感器；自动调控；短信报警
ABSTRACT
With the continuous increase in car ownership, the risk of suffocation for people inside the car due to high temperature and lack of oxygen has become increasingly prominent. Traditional in-vehicle safety protection relies on manual inspection, which has problems such as delayed response and inability to monitor in real-time, making it difficult to cope with safety threats caused by sudden changes in the in-vehicle environment. The design and implementation of the in-vehicle personnel anti-asphyxiation control system aims to provide active protection for the safety of in-vehicle personnel through automatic monitoring and intelligent regulation.
The system uses the STC89C52 microcontroller as the core, integrating DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, SGP30 carbon dioxide sensor, D203S human body pyroelectric sensor, stepper motor (controlling the car window), relay (detecting the vehicle flameout state), AIR7804G communication module, 3 independent buttons, LCD1602 display and sound-light alarm device, realizing real-time monitoring and safety protection of the in-vehicle environment. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of in-vehicle temperature and humidity through DHT11, detection of carbon dioxide concentration by SGP30, and judgment of whether there are people in the car by D203S; when people are detected and the temperature and humidity exceed the upper and lower limits or the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds the upper limit, the sound-light alarm is triggered; if the vehicle is not turned off and the temperature or carbon dioxide is too high, the stepper motor is automatically controlled to open the car window; if the vehicle is turned off and the environmental parameters exceed the standard, a short message is sent to the guardian’s mobile phone through the AIR7804G module and the window is automatically opened (controlled by the stepper motor); 3 independent buttons are used to set each threshold, and the LCD1602 display shows the measured values in real-time.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation level of in-vehicle personnel safety protection, can timely respond to abnormal in-vehicle environments, reduces the risk of suffocation, provides a reference for the research and development of similar vehicle-mounted safety equipment, and has high practical application value.
Keywords: STC89C52; In-vehicle safety; Anti-asphyxiation; Sensor; Automatic regulation; SMS alarm
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 二氧化碳传感器选择
2.1.4 人体检测模块选择
2.1.5 显示模块选择
2.1.6 通信模块选择
2.1.7 车窗驱动模块选择
2.1.8 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温湿度检测电路
3.3 二氧化碳检测电路
3.4 人体检测电路
3.5 车辆熄火检测电路
3.6 车窗控制电路
3.7 声光报警电路
3.8 远程通信电路
3.9 按键模块电路
3.10 显示模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 LCD1602显示模块子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.7 步进电机子流程设计
4.8 发送短信子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温湿度检测模块功能测试
5.3 二氧化碳检测模块功能测试
5.4 人体检测模块功能测试
5.5 车辆熄火检测与车窗控制功能测试
5.6 声光报警功能测试
5.7 远程通信模块功能测试
5.8 按键设置与显示功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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