设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
粮食是关系国计民生的重要战略物资，粮仓环境的稳定直接影响粮食的储存质量和安全。粮仓内的火灾、有害气体超标、温湿度异常等情况，若不能及时发现和处理，可能导致粮食变质、烧毁等严重损失，甚至威胁周边安全。此外，无关人员闯入也可能对粮仓安全造成隐患。因此，研发一种能全面、精准监测粮仓环境并具备自动响应功能的系统至关重要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的粮仓环境检测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过火焰检测模块检测火灾，发生火灾时进行声光报警、启动水泵灭火并通过手机 APP 弹窗提醒；借助 MQ-135 检测有害气体，超标时声光报警并开启风扇通风；利用 MQ-2 检测烟雾，超标时声光报警、开启风扇通风且手机 APP 弹窗提醒；通过 DHT11 检测粮堆内部温湿度，温湿度超限时声光报警并开启风扇调节；通过红外热释电感应模块检测人员闯入，触发时声光报警并手机 APP 弹窗提醒；用户可通过按键设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示各类检测数据；通过 WiFi 模块实现手机端远程查看数据、设置阈值及关闭报警；采用太阳能板给锂电池充电供电，配合舵机和光敏电阻实现自动追光，提高太阳能利用率。
该粮仓环境检测系统的作用在于，为粮仓安全管理提供了全方位、智能化的解决方案。通过实时监测、自动响应和远程管控，能够及时发现并处理各类环境异常和安全隐患，有效保障粮食储存安全，降低损失，减轻人工管理压力，提升粮仓管理的效率和智能化水平。
关键词：STM32；粮仓环境检测；多参数监测；自动响应；远程管控
Design of Grain Storage Environment Detection System Based on STM32
Abstract
Grain is an important strategic material related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and the stability of the grain storage environment directly affects the quality and safety of grain storage. If fires, excessive harmful gases, and abnormal temperature and humidity in grain warehouses are not detected and dealt with in a timely manner, it may lead to serious losses such as food spoilage and burning, and even threaten the safety of the surrounding area. In addition, unauthorized personnel entering may also pose a safety hazard to the grain warehouse. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a system that can comprehensively and accurately monitor the environment of grain warehouses and has automatic response functions.
This design proposes a grain storage environment detection system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting fires through the flame detection module, issuing sound and light alarms when a fire occurs, starting the water pump to extinguish the fire, and reminding through a pop-up window on the mobile app; Using MQ-135 to detect harmful gases, sound and light alarms will be triggered when exceeding the standard, and fans will be turned on for ventilation; Use MQ-2 to detect smoke, sound and light alarm when exceeding the standard, turn on the fan for ventilation, and remind with a pop-up window on the mobile app; Detect the temperature and humidity inside the grain pile through DHT11. When the temperature and humidity exceed the limit, sound and light alarms will be triggered and the fan will be turned on for adjustment; Detecting personnel intrusion through an infrared pyroelectric induction module, triggering an audible and visual alarm and a pop-up notification on the mobile app; Users can set the threshold values for various parameters by pressing the keys; Display various detection data through OLED; Implementing remote data viewing, threshold setting, and alarm shutdown on mobile devices through WiFi modules; Using solar panels to charge and power lithium batteries, combined with servo and photoresistors to achieve automatic light tracking and improve solar energy utilization.
The role of this granary environment detection system is to provide a comprehensive and intelligent solution for granary safety management. Through real-time monitoring, automatic response, and remote control, various environmental anomalies and safety hazards can be detected and dealt with in a timely manner, effectively ensuring the safety of grain storage, reducing losses, alleviating manual management pressure, and improving the efficiency and intelligence level of grain warehouse management.
Keywords：STM32; Grain storage environment testing; Multi parameter monitoring; Automatic response; Remote control
目 录
摘要
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 火焰检测模块电路设计
3.4 有害气体检测模块电路设计
3.5 烟雾检测模块电路设计
3.6 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.7 人体感应模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 显示模块电路设计
3.10 声光报警模块电路设计
3.11 执行机构模块电路设计
3.12 无线传输模块电路设计
3.13 舵机模块电路设计
3.14 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.6 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.7 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数检测及显示功能测试
5.3 声光报警及执行机构功能测试
5.4 阈值设置功能测试
5.5 无线传输功能测试
5.6 太阳能供电及追光功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
购买后可查看具体内容！