设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着城市交通的日益繁忙和自行车出行的普及，自行车骑行安全问题愈发受到关注。骑行过程中，夜间照明不足、行驶方向指示不明确、超速行驶预警缺失以及数据监测不及时等问题，易导致交通事故的发生，对骑行者的人身安全构成严重威胁。因此，研发一种能提升自行车骑行安全性的智能设备具有重要意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的自行车安全系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 5516 光照监测模块监测环境光照强度，车辆有速度时光照小于最小值自动控制照明灯打开；借助 MPU6050 模块监测车辆行驶方向，同步控制左转、右转及刹车指示灯，并在 OLED 显示屏显示状态；通过 KY-003 霍尔测速模块监测行驶速度和里程，速度大于最大值时触发声光报警；通过按键可手动控制照明灯开关；利用 ECBO2 蓝牙模块将监测数据传输至手机端，支持手机远程控制照明灯；同时，通过太阳能板为锂电池充电，保障系统持续供电。
该自行车安全系统的作用在于，为骑行者提供了多维度的安全保障。通过智能照明控制、方向动态指示、超速预警、数据远程监测及持久供电等功能，能够有效降低交通事故发生率，提升骑行过程中的环境适应性和操作便捷性，保障骑行安全，优化出行体验。
关键词：单片机；自行车安全系统；智能照明；速度监测；蓝牙传输
Abstract
With the increasing busyness of urban transportation and the popularity of bicycle travel, the issue of bicycle riding safety has received more and more attention. During the cycling process, insufficient nighttime lighting, unclear direction indication, lack of overspeed warning, and untimely data monitoring can easily lead to traffic accidents, posing a serious threat to the personal safety of cyclists. Therefore, developing an intelligent device that can enhance the safety of cycling is of great significance.
This design proposes a bicycle safety system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: monitoring the ambient lighting intensity through the 5516 lighting monitoring module, and automatically controlling the lighting to turn on when the lighting is below the minimum value when the vehicle is moving at speed; Using the MPU6050 module to monitor the direction of vehicle travel, synchronously control left turn, right turn, and brake indicator lights, and display the status on the OLED display screen; Monitor the driving speed and mileage through the KY-003 Hall speed measurement module, and trigger an audible and visual alarm when the speed exceeds the maximum value; The lighting switch can be manually controlled through buttons; Using ECBO2 Bluetooth module to transmit monitoring data to mobile phone, supporting remote control of lighting by mobile phone; At the same time, charging the lithium battery through solar panels ensures continuous power supply to the system.
The function of this bicycle safety system is to provide multi-dimensional safety protection for riders. Through intelligent lighting control, dynamic direction indication, overspeed warning, remote data monitoring, and persistent power supply, the occurrence rate of traffic accidents can be effectively reduced, the environmental adaptability and operational convenience during cycling can be improved, cycling safety can be guaranteed, and the travel experience can be optimized.
Keywords： microcontroller; Bicycle safety system; Obstacle detection; Intelligent lighting; Urgent Help
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 光照检测模块电路设计
3.4 方向检测模块电路设计
3.5 测速模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 蓝牙模块电路设计
3.10 电源模块电路设计
3.11 指示灯模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 MPU6050模块子流程设计
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 蓝牙模块子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 光照监测及照明控制功能测试
5.3 运动状态监测及指示灯功能测试
5.4 速度里程监测及声光报警功能测试
5.5 蓝牙传输及远程控制功能测试
5.6 太阳能供电功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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