设计说明书
总字数：20000+
一氧化碳（CO）是无色无味的有毒气体，常由不完全燃烧产生，可引起头痛、昏迷和死亡。每年全球约有5万起因CO中毒的非故意死亡案例，特别是在冬季取暖和密闭空间作业时，监测预警至关重要。但传统CO检测设备无法满足现代智能家居和工业物联网对实时数据共享、远程控制和历史数据分析的需求。因此，需要创新解决方案，结合智能传感、无线通信和云平台技术。
本毕业设计基于STM32单片机，开发了一款监测、报警、预处理及云端数据分析于一体的智能CO监测报警系统。系统利用MQ-7传感器实时监测CO浓度，并通过OLED显示屏展示数据和用户设定的阈值。系统还包含按键接口用于现场设置，当CO浓度超标时，自动启动通风扇、空气净化器，并通过蜂鸣器和LED灯发出警报。通过ESP8266模块，数据可上传至阿里云物联网平台，用户可通过APP远程控制设备和接收警报通知。Node-RED工具用于生成CO浓度图表和报表，支持数据查询和分享。
该系统通过整合硬件传感、单片机控制、无线通信和云平台，实现了数据采集到智能决策的全流程自动化。它适用于智能家居、工业车间、地下车库等高风险区域，有效降低CO中毒风险，并利用云端大数据分析制定环境治理决策，为规避家庭以及工业场所的CO中毒风险提供硬件和数据服务。
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless and odorless toxic gas, often produced by incomplete combustion, which can cause headaches, coma, and death. Every year, there are approximately 50,000 unintentional deaths worldwide due to CO poisoning, especially during winter heating and in enclosed spaces, where monitoring and early warning are crucial. However, traditional CO detection equipment cannot meet the demands of modern smart homes and industrial IoT for real-time data sharing, remote control, and historical data analysis. Therefore, innovative solutions are needed, integrating smart sensing, wireless communication, and cloud platform technologies.
This Graduation design is based on the STM32 micro-controller and has developed an intelligent CO monitoring and alarm system that integrates functions such as monitoring, alarming, pre – processing, and cloud – based data analysis. The system uses the MQ-7 sensor to monitor CO concentration in real-time and displays data and user-set thresholds on an OLED screen. The system also includes a button interface for on-site settings; when CO concentration exceeds the limit, it automatically activates the ventilation fan and air purifier, and issues an alarm through a buzzer and LED lights. Data can be uploaded to the Alibaba Cloud IoT platform via a ESP8266 module, allowing users to remotely control devices and receive alarm notifications through an APP. The Node-RED tool is used to generate CO concentration charts and reports, supporting data queries and sharing.
The system integrates hardware sensing, micro-controller control, wireless communication, and cloud platforms to achieve full-process automation from data collection to intelligent decision-making. It is suitable for high-risk areas such as smart homes, industrial workshops, and underground garages, effectively reducing the risk of CO poisoning. To avoid the risk of CO poisoning in households and industrial sites, providing hardware and data services for the construction of smart and safe cities.
Key words: CO detection; STM32 micro-controller; WiFi module; data report
1 绪论
1.1 课题研究背景及意义
1.2 研究现状
2 系统方案设计
2.1 控制系统概述
2.2 主要功能
2.3 硬件方案选择
3 硬件电路设计
3.1 主控芯片模块
3.2 一氧化碳检测模块
3.3 继电器控制模块
3.4 OLED 显示模块
3.5 独立按键模块
3.6 声光报警模块
3.7 WiFi 通信模块
3.8阿里云物联网云平台搭建
3.9 云智能App设置
4 软件编写
4.1 软件概述
4.2 流程图说明
4.3 主程序程序说明
5 实物测试 36
5.1 实物测试步骤详情 36
5.2 结果分析 40
总 结 42
参考文献 43
致 谢 44
附录一 电路原理图 45
附录二 程序代码 46
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