设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
随着社会安全意识的提升，门禁系统作为安全防护的重要屏障，其功能性和可靠性备受关注。传统密码门禁仅具备单一的密码验证功能，缺乏异常报警、远程控制和环境监测能力，难以应对复杂的安全场景，无法满足用户对全方位安全防护的需求。
基于 STC89C52 单片机的多功能密码门禁，整合了矩阵键盘、LED 指示灯、ECB02 蓝牙模块、蜂鸣器、MO-2 烟雾传感器、YS-17 火焰传感器、D203S 红外线传感器及 LCD 显示屏，实现了门禁的智能化安全管理。系统核心功能包括：通过矩阵键盘完成密码输入与重置；当密码错误次数≥3 次时，锁定键盘 3 分钟，期间按键触发蜂鸣器报警；以 LED 灯亮灭模拟门的开关状态；支持 ECB02 蓝牙无线开锁，密码错误 3 次时自动发送提示信息；通过 MO-2 和 YS-17 监测烟雾与火焰，超标时触发声光报警；借助 D203S 红外线传感器检测布防状态下的闯入行为，同步启动声光报警；通过 LCD 实时显示操作信息、设备状态及报警提示。
该系统的实现，有效提升了门禁系统的安全防护能力，拓展了传统门禁的功能边界，实现了密码验证、异常报警、环境监测与远程控制的一体化，为用户提供了全方位的安全保障，同时为同类安防设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STC89C52；多功能密码门禁；传感器；蓝牙通信；安全防护
ABSTRACT
With the improvement of social safety awareness, access control systems, as important barriers for security protection, have attracted much attention for their functionality and reliability. Traditional password access control only has a single password verification function, lacking abnormal alarm, remote control and environmental monitoring capabilities, which makes it difficult to cope with complex security scenarios and cannot meet users’ needs for comprehensive security protection.
The multi-functional password access control based on STC89C52 microcontroller integrates matrix keyboard, LED indicator, ECB02 Bluetooth module, buzzer, MO-2 smoke sensor, YS-17 flame sensor, D203S infrared sensor and LCD display, realizing intelligent security management of the access control. The core functions of the system include: completing password input and reset through the matrix keyboard; when the number of wrong password inputs is ≥ 3 times, the keyboard is locked for 3 minutes, and the buzzer alarms when any key is pressed during this period; the on/off state of the door is simulated by the on/off of the LED light; supporting ECB02 Bluetooth wireless unlocking, and automatically sending a prompt message when the password is wrong for 3 times; monitoring smoke and flame through MO-2 and YS-17, triggering sound and light alarm when exceeding the standard; detecting intrusion in the armed state by D203S infrared sensor, and starting sound and light alarm synchronously; displaying operation information, equipment status and alarm prompts in real time through LCD.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the security protection capability of the access control system, expands the functional boundary of traditional access control, realizes the integration of password verification, abnormal alarm, environmental monitoring and remote control, provides users with comprehensive security guarantees, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar security equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords: STC89C52; Multi-functional password access control; Sensor; Bluetooth communication; Security protection
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 键盘模块选择
2.1.3 蓝牙模块选择
2.1.4 烟雾传感器选择
2.1.5 火焰传感器选择
2.1.6 红外防闯入模块选择
2.1.7 显示模块选择
2.1.8 报警模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 矩阵键盘模块电路
3.3 显示模块电路
3.4 蓝牙模块电路
3.5 声光报警装置电路
3.6 烟雾传感器电路
3.7 火焰传感器电路
3.8 红外线防闯入模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 矩阵键盘子流程设计
4.4 OLED显示子流程设计
4.5 蓝牙模块子流程
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 矩阵键盘与密码功能测试
5.3 蓝牙模块功能测试
5.4 烟雾传感器功能测试
5.5 火焰传感器功能测试
5.6 红外线防闯入功能测试
5.7 LCD 显示功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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