设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
在现代建筑交通体系中，电梯的高效运行与安全控制是提升楼宇通行效率、保障用户体验的关键。传统电梯控制方式常存在响应滞后、逻辑判断单一、功能扩展性不足等问题，难以满足复杂场景下的智能化需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的电梯控制系统，整合了内部 3 个楼层键、2 个开关门键、外部 3 个楼层控制键（-1 楼、1 楼、2 楼）、ULN2003A 四相步进电机（2 个，分别模拟开关门与升降）、HWFS 分离式红外对管、2 个状态 LED 灯、0.36IN-1-A 数码管、SU-03T 语音模块、CN-TTS 语音播报模块及 ECB02 蓝牙模块，实现了电梯运行的自动化控制与智能化交互。系统核心功能包括：通过内外按键组合接收用户指令，精准调度电梯运行；利用步进电机模拟开关门（正反半圈）与升降动作（每转一圈代表一层），实现楼层停靠与门体控制；通过红外对管检测关门时的障碍物，触发防夹保护并自动开门；借助 LED 灯实时指示电梯上下行状态，数码管动态显示当前楼层；支持 SU-03T 语音指令选择楼层，到达目标楼层后通过 CN-TTS 模块进行语音播报；通过 ECB02 蓝牙模块实现手机远程选层控制。
该系统的实现，有效提升了电梯控制的自动化程度与响应速度，丰富了人机交互方式，增强了运行安全性，为中小型楼宇的电梯智能化改造提供了低成本、高可靠性的解决方案，同时为同类控制系统的研发提供了实践参考，具有较强的实用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；电梯控制；步进电机；红外防夹；语音交互；蓝牙通信
ABSTRACT
In modern building transportation systems, efficient operation and safe control of elevators are crucial for improving building traffic efficiency and ensuring user experience. Traditional elevator control methods often suffer from problems such as delayed response, single logical judgment, and insufficient functional scalability, making it difficult to meet the intelligent needs in complex scenarios.
The elevator control system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates 3 internal floor buttons, 2 door opening/closing buttons, 3 external floor control buttons (-1st floor, 1st floor, 2nd floor), ULN2003A four-phase stepper motors (2 units, simulating door opening/closing and lifting respectively), HWFS separate infrared pair tubes, 2 status LED lights, 0.36IN-1-A nixie tube, SU-03T voice module, CN-TTS voice broadcast module, and ECB02 Bluetooth module, realizing automatic control and intelligent interaction of elevator operation. The core functions of the system include: receiving user instructions through a combination of internal and external buttons to accurately schedule elevator operation; using stepper motors to simulate door opening/closing (positive and negative half circles) and lifting actions (each full rotation represents one floor) to achieve floor docking and door control; detecting obstacles during door closing through infrared pair tubes to trigger anti-pinch protection and automatically open the door; real-time indication of elevator up/down status via LED lights, and dynamic display of the current floor on the nixie tube; supporting SU-03T voice commands to select floors, and voice broadcast via CN-TTS module upon arrival at the target floor; realizing remote floor selection control via mobile phone through the ECB02 Bluetooth module.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation level and response speed of elevator control, enriches human-computer interaction methods, enhances operational safety, provides a low-cost and high-reliability solution for the intelligent transformation of elevators in small and medium-sized buildings, and also offers practical reference for the research and development of similar control systems, with strong practical value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6; Elevator control; Stepper motor; Infrared anti-pinch; Voice interaction; Bluetooth communication
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
国外研究现状
国内研究现状
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 步进电机及驱动模块选择
2.1.3 红外对管选择
2.1.4 语音模块选择
2.1.5 蓝牙模块选择
2.1.6 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 步进电机及驱动电路
3.3 红外对管电路
3.4 语音识别模块电路
3.5 语音合成模块电路
3.6 蓝牙模块电路
3.7 按键模块电路
3.8 LED 状态指示电路
3.9 数码管显示电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 蓝牙模块子流程设计
4.6 步进电机子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 步进电机及驱动功能测试
5.3 红外对管及信号处理功能测试
5.4 语音模块功能测试
5.5 蓝牙模块功能测试
5.6 按键与状态指示功能测试
5.7 数码管显示功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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