设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
随着智能家居理念的普及和安全意识的提升，家庭环境的安全监测与智能控制成为现代家居生活的重要需求。家庭中可能出现的烟雾泄漏、温度异常、火灾隐患及非法入侵等问题，若不能及时发现和处理，可能会造成财产损失甚至危及人身安全。因此，研发一种能全面、实时监测家庭环境并智能响应的系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能家居检测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 MQ-2 传感器检测环境烟雾浓度，浓度过高时自动启动通风风扇、触发声光报警并向手机端发送提示；借助 DS18B20 传感器监测环境温度，超阈值时启动风扇、报警并推送信息；通过 YS-17 火焰检测模块识别火灾，触发水泵启动、报警及手机提示；利用 D203S 人体热释电传感器检测人员活动，配合密码验证实现安防报警与开锁控制；通过矩阵键盘可修改各监测阈值；经 LCD1602 实时显示各类监测数据；通过 ECBO2 蓝牙模块实现数据上传及手机端阈值修改功能。
该智能家居检测系统的作用在于，为家庭提供全方位的安全监测与智能响应解决方案。通过多维度环境监测、自动应急处理及远程提醒功能，能够帮助用户及时发现并应对家庭安全隐患，提升家居生活的安全性与便捷性，为构建智慧家庭提供可靠保障。
关键词：单片机；智能家居；环境监测；安全报警；远程控制
Design of Smart Home Detection System
Abstract
With the popularization of smart home concepts and the improvement of safety awareness, the safety monitoring and intelligent control of home environment have become important requirements for modern home life. If smoke leaks, abnormal temperatures, fire hazards, and illegal intrusions that may occur in households are not detected and dealt with in a timely manner, they may cause property damage and even endanger personal safety. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that can comprehensively and real-time monitor the home environment and intelligently respond.
This design proposes an intelligent home detection system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting the concentration of environmental smoke through MQ-2 sensors, automatically starting the ventilation fan when the concentration is too high, triggering sound and light alarms, and sending prompts to the mobile phone; Monitor the ambient temperature with DS18B20 sensor, activate the fan, sound an alarm and push information when the threshold is exceeded; Identify fires through the YS-17 flame detection module, trigger water pump start-up, alarm, and mobile phone prompts; Using D203S human pyroelectric sensor to detect personnel activities, combined with password verification to achieve security alarm and unlocking control; The monitoring thresholds can be modified through the matrix keyboard; Real time display of various monitoring data via LCD1602; Implement data upload and mobile threshold modification functions through ECBO2 Bluetooth module.
The function of this smart home detection system is to provide comprehensive security monitoring and intelligent response solutions for households. Through multi-dimensional environmental monitoring, automatic emergency response, and remote reminder functions, it can help users discover and respond to home safety hazards in a timely manner, improve the safety and convenience of home life, and provide reliable guarantees for building smart homes.
Keywords： microcontroller; Smart home; Environmental monitoring; Security alarm; Remote control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 烟雾检测模块电路设计
3.5 火焰检测模块电路设计
3.6 人体感应模块电路设计
3.7 矩阵键盘模块电路设计
3.8 显示模块电路设计
3.9 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.10 声光报警模块电路设计
3.11 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 矩阵键盘子流程设计
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程
4.6 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数检测及显示功能测试
5.3 火焰检测与应急响应功能测试
5.4 人体感应与安防控制功能测试
5.5 阈值设置与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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