设计说明书
总字数：17000+
于单片机的大棚环境检测系统设计
摘要
随着现代农业技术的发展，大棚种植对环境精准调控的需求日益凸显。温度、光照、土壤酸碱度及CO₂浓度等环境参数的稳定与否，直接影响作物的生长速度、产量和品质。传统大棚种植依赖人工监测和调控，存在效率低、精度不足、响应滞后等问题，难以满足精细化种植需求。因此，研发一种能实时监测大棚环境并实现智能调控的系统具有重要的实用价值。
本设计提出了一种基于STM32F103C8T6单片机的大棚环境检测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过DS18B20传感器检测环境温度，当温度超过设定最大值时自动启动风扇降温；借助光敏电阻监测光照强度，光照低于最小值时开启补光灯；通过PH检测模块分析土壤酸碱度，PH值低于下限值时自动加碱调节，高于上限值时自动加酸调节；利用SGP30传感器检测CO₂浓度，超过阈值时自动控制通风设备运行。用户可通过按键设置各参数阈值并手动控制器件；OLED显示屏实时显示各项测量数据；通过WIFI模块与手机端连接，支持远程获取数据、设置阈值及控制设备。
该大棚环境检测系统的作用在于，为大棚种植提供自动化、精准化的环境管理解决方案。通过实时监测与智能调控，确保作物生长在最优环境中，减少人工成本，提高种植效率和作物品质，为现代农业的高效可持续发展提供技术支持。
关键词：单片机；大棚环境；智能检测
Design of Greenhouse Environment Detection System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the development of modern agricultural technology, the demand for precise environmental control in greenhouse planting is becoming increasingly prominent. The stability of environmental parameters such as temperature, light, soil pH, and CO ₂ concentration directly affects the growth rate, yield, and quality of crops. Traditional greenhouse planting relies on manual monitoring and regulation, which has problems such as low efficiency, insufficient accuracy, and delayed response, making it difficult to meet the needs of refined planting. Therefore, developing a system that can monitor greenhouse environment in real time and achieve intelligent regulation has important practical value.
This design proposes a greenhouse environment detection system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting the ambient temperature through DS18B20 sensor, and automatically starting the fan to cool down when the temperature exceeds the set maximum value; By using photoresistors to monitor the intensity of light, turn on the supplementary light when the light is below the minimum value; Analyze soil acidity and alkalinity through the pH detection module. When the pH value is below the lower limit, automatically add alkali for adjustment, and when it is above the upper limit, automatically add acid for adjustment; Use SGP30 sensor to detect CO ₂ concentration, and automatically control the operation of ventilation equipment when it exceeds the threshold. Users can set the threshold values for various parameters and manually control the components through buttons; Real time display of various measurement data on OLED display screen; Connected to the mobile phone through a WIFI module, it supports remote data acquisition, threshold setting, and device control.
The function of this greenhouse environment detection system is to provide automated and precise environmental management solutions for greenhouse cultivation. By real-time monitoring and intelligent regulation, we ensure that crops grow in the optimal environment, reduce labor costs, improve planting efficiency and crop quality, and provide technical support for the efficient and sustainable development of modern agriculture.
Keywords： microcontroller; Greenhouse environment; Intelligent detection
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 光照检测模块电路设计
3.5 PH 检测模块电路设计
3.6 CO₂检测模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 执行模块电路设计
3.10 通信模块电路设计
3.11 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数检测及显示功能测试
5.3 自动调控功能测试
5.4 按键控制功能测试
5.5 WiFi 通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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