设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着教育事业的发展和交通安全意识的提升，校车行驶安全监测成为保障学生出行安全的重要环节。校车在行驶过程中，超速、与障碍物距离过近、车内空气质量不佳等问题若不能及时监测和处理，可能会引发严重的交通事故，威胁学生的生命安全。因此，研发一种能全面、实时监测校车安全状态的设备十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的校车安全检测系统（项目编号：mcuclub-dz-910）。系统主要功能包括：通过 GPS 模块获取车辆经纬度信息；借助 MX1508 驱动直流电机，配合霍尔传感器测量行驶速度，速度超限时通过语音提醒，支持按键调速；通过 HC-R04 超声波传感器检测与障碍物的距离，距离过近时通过 CN-TTS 模块进行语音提醒；利用 MQ-135 检测车内空气质量，超标时自动启动风扇通风；用户通过按键设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏显示测量数据；通过 WIFI 模块将数据发送至手机端，支持手机远程设置阈值。
该校车安全检测系统的作用在于，为校车提供了一种全方位的安全监测与预警工具。通过实时监测关键安全参数并主动预警，能够帮助驾驶员及时规避风险，保障学生乘车安全，提升校车运营的安全性和可靠性。
关键词：单片机；校车安全；速度监测；障碍物检测；空气质量检测
Design of School Bus Safety Detection System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the development of education and the improvement of traffic safety awareness, monitoring the safety of school bus travel has become an important part of ensuring the safety of students’ travel. If problems such as speeding, getting too close to obstacles, and poor air quality inside school buses cannot be monitored and dealt with in a timely manner, they may cause serious traffic accidents and threaten the safety of students’ lives. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device that can comprehensively and real-time monitor the safety status of school buses.
This design proposes a school bus safety detection system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller (project number: mcuclub-dz-910). The main functions of the system include: obtaining vehicle latitude and longitude information through the GPS module; Drive the DC motor with MX1508 and measure the driving speed with Hall sensors. When the speed exceeds the limit, it will be reminded through voice and support button speed regulation; Detect the distance to obstacles through HC-R04 ultrasonic sensor, and provide voice reminders through CN-TTS module when the distance is too close; Use MQ-135 to detect the air quality inside the car, and automatically start the fan for ventilation when it exceeds the standard; Users can set threshold values for various parameters by pressing buttons; Display measurement data through OLED display screen; Send data to the mobile phone through the WIFI module and support remote threshold setting on the phone.
The function of this school bus safety detection system is to provide a comprehensive safety monitoring and warning tool for school buses. By monitoring key safety parameters in real-time and proactively warning, it can help drivers avoid risks in a timely manner, ensure the safety of students riding, and improve the safety and reliability of school bus operations.
Keywords： microcontroller; School bus safety; Speed monitoring; Obstacle detection; Air quality testing
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 GPS 定位模块电路设计
3.4 速度检测模块电路设计
3.5 距离检测模块电路设计
3.6 空气质量检测模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 语音模块电路设计
3.10 电机驱动模块电路设计
3.11 WiFi 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 直流电机速度调节子流程设计
4.6 GPS模块子流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 定位与状态参数检测及显示功能测试
5.3 速度超限预警功能测试
5.4 障碍物距离预警功能测试
5.5 空气质量监测与通风功能测试
5.6 按键控制与 WiFi 通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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