设计说明书
总字数：27000+
摘要
随着人口老龄化趋势的加剧，老年人的居家安全与健康监测成为社会关注的重点。传统的人工监护方式不仅依赖专人实时看护、响应不够及时，还存在人力成本高、监测不全面等问题，难以满足老年人对安全舒适生活环境的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的老人环境监测系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度检测模块、GP2Y10 PM2.5 传感器、MQ-5 可燃气体传感器、MPU6050 姿态传感器、MX30102 心率血氧传感器、5516 光照检测模块、DS1302 时钟模块、按键、OLED 显示屏、SU-03T 语音识别模块、CN-TTS 语音播报模块、ESP8266 WIFI 模块及声光报警装置、照明设备等，实现了对老人居住环境及自身状态的全面监测与智能响应。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 实时监测温湿度，超出设置范围时触发声光报警；借助 GP2Y10 检测 PM2.5 浓度，超过最大值时进行声光报警；利用 MQ-5 检测可燃气体，浓度超标时启动声光报警；通过 MPU6050 检测老人是否摔倒，10 秒未站立则声光报警，并向手机端发送弹窗信息 “老人摔倒，请速速查看”；支持按键一键求救，同时向手机端发送弹窗信息 “老人求救，请速速查看”；通过 5516 检测光照值，结合语音识别控制灯的开关，开灯时灯的亮度随光照强度自动调节；利用 MX30102 检测心率血氧，按键启动测量，语音提醒 “心率血氧测量中，请勿移动”，测量完成后播报数据及是否正常；通过 DS1302 获取时间，可设置定时时间，时间到则声光报警提醒 3 秒；支持 3 个独立按键设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项测量数据；借助 SU-03T 语音识别模块识别指令（如播报当前温湿度），并通过 CN-TTS 语音播报模块进行播报；利用 ESP8266 WIFI 模块将测量数据发送到手机端，手机端可设置各阈值。
该系统的实现，有效提升了老人居家环境监测的全面性与及时性，增强了对老人安全与健康的保障能力，减少了人工监护的压力，为老年人提供了更安全、舒适的生活环境，同时为同类养老监测设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；老人环境监测；传感器；安全保障；语音交互；WIFI 通信
ABSTRACT
With the aggravate of the aging population trend, the home safety and health monitoring of the elderly have become the focus of social attention. Traditional manual monitoring methods not only rely on real-time care by special personnel with delayed responses but also suffer from high labor costs and incomplete monitoring, making them difficult to meet the elderly’s needs for a safe and comfortable living environment.
The elderly environment monitoring system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity detection module, GP2Y10 PM2.5 sensor, MQ-5 combustible gas sensor, MPU6050 attitude sensor, MX30102 heart rate and blood oxygen sensor, 5516 light detection module, DS1302 clock module, buttons, OLED display, SU-03T voice recognition module, CN-TTS voice broadcast module, ESP8266 WIFI module, sound and light alarm devices, lighting equipment, etc., realizing comprehensive monitoring and intelligent response to the elderly’s living environment and their own status. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity through DHT11, triggering sound and light alarms when exceeding the set range; detecting PM2.5 concentration with GP2Y10, and conducting sound and light alarms when exceeding the maximum value; using MQ-5 to detect combustible gases, and activating sound and light alarms when the concentration exceeds the standard; detecting whether the elderly fall through MPU6050, and if they do not stand up within 10 seconds, sound and light alarms are given, and the pop-up message “The elderly have fallen, please check immediately” is sent to the mobile phone; supporting one-key emergency call through buttons, and sending the pop-up message “The elderly are asking for help, please check immediately” to the mobile phone; detecting light intensity through 5516, combined with voice recognition to control the switching of lights, and the brightness of the lights is automatically adjusted with the light intensity when turned on; using MX30102 to detect heart rate and blood oxygen, starting measurement with a button, voice prompt “Heart rate and blood oxygen are being measured, please do not move”, and broadcasting the data and whether it is normal after measurement; obtaining time through DS1302, which can set a timing time, and when the time is up, sound and light alarms are given for 3 seconds; supporting 3 independent buttons to set various parameter thresholds; real-time display of various measurement data through the OLED display; recognizing commands (such as broadcasting current temperature and humidity) with SU-03T voice recognition module, and broadcasting through CN-TTS voice broadcast module; sending measurement data to the mobile phone through ESP8266 WIFI module, and the mobile phone can set various thresholds.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the comprehensiveness and timeliness of the elderly’s home environment monitoring, enhances the ability to ensure the safety and health of the elderly, reduces the pressure of manual monitoring, provides a safer and more comfortable living environment for the elderly, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar elderly care monitoring equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6; Elderly environment monitoring; Sensor; Safety guarantee; Voice interaction; WIFI communication
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度传感器选择
2.1.3 PM2.5 传感器选择
2.1.4 可燃气体传感器选择
2.1.5 姿态传感器选择
2.1.6 光照检测模块选择
2.1.7 心率血氧传感器选择
2.1.8 时钟模块选择
2.1.9 按键模块选择
2.1.10 显示模块选择
2.1.11 语音识别与播报模块选择
2.1.12 WIFI 模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温湿度传感器电路
3.3 PM2.5 传感器电路
3.4 可燃气体传感器电路
3.5 姿态传感器电路
3.6 光照检测模块电路
3.7 心率血氧传感器电路
3.8 时钟模块电路
3.9 按键模块电路
3.10 显示模块电路
3.11 语音识别与播报模块电路
3.12 WIFI 模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.6 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.7 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.8 时钟模块子流程设计
4.9 PM2.5检测模块子流程设计
4.10 MPU6050模块子流程设计
4.11 LED灯亮度调节子流程设计
4.12 语言识别模块子流程设计
4.13语音播报模块子流程设计
第 5 章 仿真测试
5.1 整体仿真测试
5.2 温湿度传感器功能测试
5.3 PM2.5 传感器功能测试
5.4 可燃气体传感器功能测试
5.5 姿态传感器功能测试
5.6 光照检测模块与照明设备功能测试
5.7 心率血氧传感器功能测试
5.8 时钟模块功能测试
5.9 按键功能测试
5.10 语音识别与播报模块功能测试
5.11 WIFI 模块功能测试
5.12 声光报警装置功能测试
第 6 章 实物测试
6.1 整体实物测试
6.2 温湿度传感器功能测试
6.3 PM2.5 传感器功能测试
6.4 可燃气体传感器功能测试
6.5 姿态传感器功能测试
6.6 光照检测模块与照明设备功能测试
6.7 心率血氧传感器功能测试
6.8 时钟模块功能测试
6.9 按键功能测试
6.10 语音识别与播报模块功能测试
6.11 WIFI 模块功能测试
6.12 声光报警装置功能测试
第 7 章 总结与展望
7.1 总结
7.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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