设计说明书
总字数：14000+
摘要
随着城市机动车保有量的快速增长，停车难问题日益凸显，传统停车场管理方式存在效率低下、车位信息不透明、计费繁琐等问题，难以满足现代城市交通对高效停车服务的需求。基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的城市智能停车管理系统，整合了 RFID 识别模块、4 个 BZ 红外避障管、OLED 显示模块、CN-TTS 语音播报模块及计时计费模块等，实现了停车场的自动化管理与智能调度。系统核心功能包括：通过 RFID 检测当前车辆类型（小型车、大型车），精准匹配对应车位；利用 4 个 BZ 红外避障管分别监测地上小型车车位、地上大型车车位、地下小型车车位、地下大型车车位的占用状态；刷卡识别车辆后，若地上无对应车位，CN-TTS 语音模块提醒用户驶入地下车位，地下无车位则提醒停至地面，若均无空位，禁止车辆进入，OLED 显示屏同步显示 “无可用车位”；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示当前车辆信息（类型、入场时间）及各车位占用情况；当车辆进入并占用车位后，系统自动启动计时计费功能（1 小时内 5 元，超过 1 小时后每小时 3 元）。
该系统的实现，有效提升了城市停车场的管理效率，优化了车位资源的利用，减少了人工干预带来的误差，为车主提供了便捷的停车指引与透明的计费服务，同时为同类智能停车设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能停车；RFID 识别；车位检测；计时计费；语音播报
ABSTRACT
With the rapid growth of urban motor vehicle ownership, the problem of parking difficulty has become increasingly prominent. Traditional parking lot management methods suffer from inefficiencies, opaque parking space information, cumbersome billing, and other issues, making it difficult to meet the demand for efficient parking services in modern urban transportation.
The urban intelligent parking management system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates RFID identification modules, 4 BZ infrared obstacle avoidance sensors, OLED display modules, CN-TTS voice broadcast modules, and timing and billing modules, realizing automated management and intelligent scheduling of parking lots. The core functions of the system include: detecting the current vehicle type (small car, large car) through RFID to accurately match the corresponding parking space; using 4 BZ infrared obstacle avoidance sensors to monitor the occupancy status of above-ground small car parking spaces, above-ground large car parking spaces, underground small car parking spaces, and underground large car parking spaces respectively; after card swiping for vehicle identification, if there is no corresponding above-ground parking space, the CN-TTS voice module reminds the user to drive to the underground parking space; if there is no underground parking space, it reminds the user to park on the ground; if there are no vacant spaces, vehicles are prohibited from entering, and the OLED display synchronously shows “no available parking spaces”; real-time display of current vehicle information (type, entry time) and occupancy status of each parking space through the OLED display; when a vehicle enters and occupies a parking space, the system automatically starts the timing and billing function (5 yuan within 1 hour, 3 yuan per hour after exceeding 1 hour).
The implementation of this system effectively improves the management efficiency of urban parking lots, optimizes the utilization of parking space resources, reduces errors caused by manual intervention, provides convenient parking guidance and transparent billing services for car owners, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar intelligent parking equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6; Intelligent parking; RFID identification; Parking space detection; Timing and billing; Voice broadcast
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 RFID 识别模块选择
2.1.3 红外避障管选择
2.1.4 语音播报模块选择
2.1.5 显示模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 RFID 识别模块电路
3.3 红外避障管电路
3.4 显示模块电路
3.5 语音播报模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 RFID模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 RFID 识别模块功能测试
5.3 红外避障管功能测试
5.4 计时模块功能测试
5.5 显示模块功能测试
5.6 语音播报模块功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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