设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
在儿童成长过程中，不良坐姿、用眼环境不佳及学习时间过长等问题，易导致近视、脊柱发育不良等健康隐患。传统书桌功能单一，难以满足儿童学习时对健康环境监测与智能调节的需求。因此，研发一款集成健康监测、智能调节与交互功能的智能儿童书桌具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能儿童书桌。系统主要功能包括：通过按键模块调节书桌高度（由四相五线步进电机驱动）；借助HC-R04 超声波模块检测台灯到人的距离；利用5516 光敏电阻模块检测光照值，当距离小于设置最大值且光照不足时，自动调节灯光亮度（光照小于最小值时调至最大亮度）；当距离小于设置最小值，通过CN-TTS 语音模块提醒 “请注意坐姿”；有人时启动计时，达到设置时间后语音提醒 “请注意休息”，10 秒后控制书桌下降；通过按键可设置各阈值、手动调节灯亮度、切换模式及设置闹钟；所有测量数据通过OLED 显示屏实时展示；通过DHT11 温湿度模块检测环境温湿度，温度高于最大值时，继电器控制风扇开启降温；借助ECBO2 蓝牙模块将数据传输至手机端，支持远程控制书桌高度、灯光及风扇。
该智能儿童书桌的作用在于，为儿童提供了全方位的健康学习环境保障。通过实时监测坐姿、光照和温湿度，结合智能调节与及时提醒功能，帮助儿童养成良好学习习惯，减少健康隐患，提升学习舒适度与安全性。
关键词：智能儿童书桌；STM32；健康监测；智能调节；蓝牙控制
Abstract
During the growth process of children, problems such as poor sitting posture, poor eye environment, and prolonged learning time can easily lead to health hazards such as myopia and spinal dysplasia. Traditional desks have a single function and are difficult to meet the needs of children for health environment monitoring and intelligent adjustment during learning. Therefore, developing an intelligent children’s desk that integrates health monitoring, intelligent regulation, and interactive functions has significant practical significance.
This design proposes an intelligent children’s desk based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: adjusting the height of the desk through the button module (driven by a four phase five wire stepper motor); Using HC-R04 ultrasonic module to detect the distance between the desk lamp and a person; Using the 5516 photoresistor module to detect the lighting value, automatically adjust the brightness of the light when the distance is less than the set maximum value and the lighting is insufficient (adjust to the maximum brightness when the lighting is less than the minimum value); When the distance is less than the set minimum value, remind “Please pay attention to sitting posture” through the CN-TTS voice module; Start the timer when someone is present, and when the set time is reached, a voice prompt will be sent saying “Please take a break”. After 10 seconds, control the desk to descend; By pressing the buttons, various thresholds can be set, the brightness of the lights can be manually adjusted, modes can be switched, and alarms can be set; All measurement data is displayed in real-time on an OLED screen; Detecting environmental temperature and humidity through the DHT11 temperature and humidity module. When the temperature exceeds the maximum value, the relay controls the fan to turn on for cooling; Using the ECBO2 Bluetooth module to transmit data to the mobile phone, it supports remote control of desk height, lighting, and fans.
The function of this intelligent children’s desk is to provide a comprehensive and healthy learning environment for children. By real-time monitoring of sitting posture, lighting, and temperature and humidity, combined with intelligent adjustment and timely reminder functions, it helps children develop good study habits, reduce health hazards, and improve learning comfort and safety.
Keywords：intelligent children’s desk; STM32； Health monitoring; Intelligent regulation; Bluetooth control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 距离检测模块电路设计
3.4 光照检测模块电路设计
3.5 电机驱动模块电路设计
3.6 语音播报模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 温湿度与风扇控制模块电路设计
3.10 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
3.11 灯光控制模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 PWM子流程
4.5 步进电机子流程
4.6 定时器模块子流程
4.7 蓝牙模块子流程
4.8 OLED显示流程设计
4.9 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 高度调节功能测试
5.3 坐姿监测与语音提醒功能测试
5.4 光照检测与灯光调节功能测试
5.5 学习计时与休息提醒功能测试
5.6 温湿度检测与风扇控制功能测试
5.7 蓝牙通信与远程控制功能测试
5.8 阈值设置与参数显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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