设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
在日常生活中，环境因素的异常变化及安全隐患对居住舒适度与安全性构成潜在威胁。温度过高、湿度过大可能导致室内环境恶化，强光直射、烟雾聚集、空气质量不佳则影响居住体验与健康，而儿童靠近窗户的安全风险也不容忽视。若这些问题不能及时应对，可能引发健康问题或安全事故。因此，研发一种能自动感知环境变化并智能调控的窗户系统十分必要。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的外界因素防患智能窗户系统。系统主要功能包括：通过DHT11 传感器检测环境温湿度，温度或湿度过高时启动继电器控制风扇通风；借助5516 光照检测模块监测光照强度，光照大于最大值时通过步进电机关闭窗户；通过MQ-2 传感器检测烟雾浓度，浓度超限时由步进电机自动打开窗户；利用GP2Y1014AU 传感器检测 PM2.5 浓度，浓度超标时自动开启窗户；通过HWJS 分离式红外检测模块感知儿童靠近，触发窗户自动关闭；用户可通过按键设置各参数阈值；通过OLED 显示屏实时显示环境监测参数及窗户开关状态；同时，系统通过4G 模块将数据上传至手机，手机可远程控制窗户开关及参数设置。
该系统的作用在于，为居住环境提供了智能化的安全防护与环境调节方案。通过实时监测、自动响应和远程控制，能够有效应对外界环境风险，保障居住安全与舒适度，提升生活品质。
关键词：单片机；智能窗户；环境监测；自动调控；安全防护
Design of an intelligent window system to prevent external factors
Abstract
In daily life, abnormal changes in environmental factors and safety hazards pose potential threats to living comfort and safety. Excessive temperature and humidity may lead to deterioration of indoor environment, while direct sunlight, smoke accumulation, and poor air quality can affect living experience and health. The safety risks of children approaching windows cannot be ignored. If these issues cannot be addressed in a timely manner, they may lead to health problems or safety accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a window system that can automatically perceive environmental changes and intelligently regulate them.
This design proposes an intelligent window system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller to prevent external factors. The main functions of the system include: detecting environmental temperature and humidity through DHT11 sensors, and activating relays to control fan ventilation when the temperature or humidity is too high; Monitor the light intensity with the 5516 light detection module, and close the window with a stepper motor when the light exceeds the maximum value; Detect smoke concentration through MQ-2 sensor, and when the concentration exceeds the limit, the stepper motor automatically opens the window; Use GP2Y1014AU sensor to detect PM2.5 concentration, and automatically open windows when the concentration exceeds the standard; Sensing the approach of children through the HWJS separated infrared detection module, triggering the automatic closure of windows; Users can set the threshold values for various parameters by pressing the keys; Real time display of environmental monitoring parameters and window switch status through OLED display screen; At the same time, the system uploads data to the mobile phone through the 4G module, and the mobile phone can remotely control the window switch and parameter settings.
The function of this system is to provide intelligent security protection and environmental regulation solutions for residential environments. Through real-time monitoring, automatic response, and remote control, it is possible to effectively respond to external environmental risks, ensure residential safety and comfort, and improve the quality of life.
Keywords：microcontroller; Smart windows; Environmental monitoring; Automatic regulation; safety protection
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 光照检测模块电路设计
3.5 烟雾浓度检测模块电路设计
3.6 PM2.5 检测模块电路设计
3.7 人体检测模块电路设计
3.8 显示模块电路设计
3.9 按键模块电路设计
3.10 步进电机驱动模块电路设计
3.11 继电器模块电路设计
3.12 4G 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 PM2.5检测模块子流程设计
4.7 步进电机子流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度检测及通风控制功能测试
5.3 光照检测及窗户关闭功能测试
5.4 烟雾与 PM2.5 检测及窗户开启功能测试
5.5 人体检测及安全防护功能测试
5.6 参数设置及显示功能测试
5.7 远程控制及数据上传功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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