设计说明书
总字数：10000+
摘要
在电子设备调试、电路检修及实验教学等场景中，精准、便捷的电压监测是保障设备正常运行和操作安全的重要环节。传统电压表存在量程固定、操作繁琐等问题，难以满足多场景下不同电压范围的监测需求，而高精度数字电压表又存在成本较高、便携性不足的缺陷。因此，研发一种低成本、多量程且操作简便的电压监测设备具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的电压表监测仪。系统主要功能包括：通过电压采集电路实现多量程电压检测，可覆盖 0-5V、5-25V、25-50V 范围；借助三个按键实现不同量程的手动切换，当检测电压超过当前量程时，LCD1602 显示屏自动显示 “ERROR” 提示；测量得到的电压值通过 LCD1602 实时清晰展示，便于用户直观读取。
该电压表监测仪的作用在于，为电子工程实践提供了一种经济实用的多量程电压监测工具。通过灵活的量程切换和准确的电压显示，满足不同场景下的电压监测需求，同时简化操作流程，降低使用门槛，提升电压监测的便利性和安全性。
关键词：单片机；电压表监测仪；多量程；电压采集；LCD 显示
Voltage meter monitoring instrument based on microcontroller
Abstract
Accurate and convenient voltage monitoring is an important link in ensuring the normal operation and safe operation of electronic devices, circuit maintenance, and experimental teaching. Traditional voltmeters have problems such as fixed range and cumbersome operation, making it difficult to meet the monitoring needs of different voltage ranges in multiple scenarios. High precision digital voltmeters also have the drawbacks of high cost and insufficient portability. Therefore, developing a low-cost, multi range, and easy-to-use voltage monitoring device is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a voltmeter monitoring device based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: implementing multi range voltage detection through voltage acquisition circuits, which can cover the range of 0-5V, 5-25V, 25-50V; By using three buttons to manually switch between different ranges, when the detected voltage exceeds the current range, the LCD1602 display screen automatically displays an “ERROR” prompt; The measured voltage value is displayed in real-time and clearly through LCD1602, making it easy for users to read intuitively.
The function of this voltmeter monitor is to provide an economical and practical multi range voltage monitoring tool for electronic engineering practice. By flexible range switching and accurate voltage display, it meets the voltage monitoring needs in different scenarios, simplifies the operation process, reduces the threshold for use, and improves the convenience and safety of voltage monitoring
.
Keywords：microcontroller; Voltage meter monitoring device; Multi range; Voltage acquisition; LCD display
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 电压采集模块电路设计
3.4 按键模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 电源模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 LCD1602显示模块子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 电压采集与量程切换功能测试
5.3 超量程报警显示功能测试
5.4 显示稳定性与长期运行测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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