设计说明书
总字数：13000+
摘要
随着对国旗升降仪式规范性要求的提高，实现国旗升降的自动化、精准化控制成为重要需求。在学校、机关、广场等场所的国旗升降过程中，人工操作易出现升降速度不均、国歌同步性差、高度控制不准等问题，影响仪式的庄重性与规范性。因此，研发一种能精准控制国旗升降、实现国歌同步演奏且支持多种控制模式的系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的国旗升降控制系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 MX1508 电机驱动模块控制国旗匀速升降，按下 “上升” 按键后，国旗上升同时 DFPlayer Mini 模块流畅演奏国歌，升至最高端时自动停止且国歌停奏；按下 “下降” 按键后，国旗匀速下降且不播放国歌，降至最低端时自动停止，且在两端时对应方向按键无效。升降旗时间与国歌演奏时间均为 43 秒，确保同步性。LCD1602 显示屏实时显示旗帜高度（厘米），误差≤2 厘米，且掉电后高度数据不丢失。支持半旗状态，升旗时国旗升至最高端后自动降至总高度的 2/3 处；降旗时国旗先升至最高端再降至底端。同时，通过 2262 无线遥控模块实现升、降旗及停止的远程控制。
该国旗升降控制系统的作用在于，为各类场所的国旗升降仪式提供了自动化、规范化的解决方案。通过精准的升降控制、国歌同步、高度显示及多种控制模式，保障了国旗升降过程的庄重性与准确性，提升了仪式的规范性和便捷性。
关键词：单片机；国旗升降控制；MX1508；DFPlayer Mini；LCD1602；无线遥控
Flag raising and lowering control system based on microcontroller as the core control device
Abstract
With the increasing demand for standardized flag raising and lowering ceremonies, achieving automation and precise control of flag raising and lowering has become an important requirement. During the process of raising and lowering the national flag in schools, government offices, squares, and other places, manual operation is prone to problems such as uneven lifting speed, poor synchronization of the national anthem, and inaccurate height control, which affect the solemnity and standardization of the ceremony. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that can accurately control the raising and lowering of the national flag, achieve synchronized playing of the national anthem, and support multiple control modes.
This design proposes a national flag raising and lowering control system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: controlling the uniform raising and lowering of the national flag through the MX1508 motor drive module. After pressing the “raise” button, the national flag rises while the DFPlayer Mini module smoothly plays the national anthem. When it reaches the highest end, it automatically stops and the national anthem stops playing; After pressing the “descent” button, the national flag will descend at a constant speed without playing the national anthem. It will automatically stop when it reaches the lowest point, and the corresponding directional buttons will be invalid at both ends. The time for raising and lowering the flag and playing the national anthem are both 43 seconds to ensure synchronization. The LCD1602 display screen displays the real-time flag height (in centimeters) with an error of ≤ 2 centimeters, and the height data is not lost after power failure. Support half mast status, the national flag will automatically drop to 2/3 of the total height when raised to the highest point during flag raising; When lowering the flag, the national flag first rises to the highest point and then falls to the bottom. Meanwhile, remote control of flag raising, lowering, and stopping is achieved through the 2262 wireless remote control module.
The function of this national flag raising and lowering control system is to provide automated and standardized solutions for flag raising and lowering ceremonies in various places. Through precise lifting control, national anthem synchronization, height display, and multiple control modes, the solemnity and accuracy of the national flag lifting process are ensured, and the standardization and convenience of the ceremony are enhanced.
Keywords： microcontroller; Flag raising and lowering control; MX1508； DFPlayer Mini； LCD1602； Wireless remote control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 电机驱动模块电路设计
3.4 距离检测模块电路设计
3.5 显示模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 音频播放模块电路设计
3.8 无线遥控模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 LCD1602显示模块子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 超声波检测模块子流程设计
4.6 直流电机速度调节子流程设计
4.7 MP3音乐播放模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 基本升降与国歌同步功能测试
5.3 半旗状态功能测试
5.4 无线遥控功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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