设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着城市公共交通的快速发展，公交车作为市民出行的主要方式之一，其运营效率与服务质量备受关注。传统公交车系统在站点播报、信息展示等方面存在依赖人工操作、信息更新滞后、功能单一等问题，难以满足乘客对精准出行信息的需求，也不利于公交运营的智能化管理。
基于 STC12C5A60S2 单片机的公交车系统，整合了 DS18B20 温度传感器、DS1302 时钟模块、TTS 语音播报模块、3 个独立按键、LCD12864 显示屏、两个 LED 指示灯及 GPS + 北斗定位模块等，实现了公交车运行状态的自动化监测与信息的智能展示。系统核心功能包括：通过 DS18B20 实时监测车内温度，并在 LCD12864 上显示；借助 DS1302 获取当前时间，为时间相关的运营调度提供依据；利用 TTS 语音播报模块，在车辆到达指定站点时自动播报站点信息，也可通过按键手动触发播报；3 个独立按键分别用于修改时间、手动播报站台及功能切换；LCD12864 显示屏同步展示时间、车内温度、当前站台信息及由 GPS + 北斗模块获取的经纬度；两个 LED 指示灯分别代表上行和下行方向，清晰指示车辆行驶方向。
该系统的实现，有效提升了公交车运营的自动化与智能化水平，减少了人工干预带来的误差，为乘客提供了及时、准确的出行信息，同时也为公交调度管理提供了便利，具有较高的实际应用价值，为同类公交智能化设备的研发提供了参考。
关键词：STC12C5A60S2；公交车系统；传感器；智能播报；定位；信息显示
ABSTRACT
With the rapid development of urban public transportation, buses, as one of the main ways for citizens to travel, have attracted much attention for their operational efficiency and service quality. Traditional bus systems have problems such as relying on manual operation, delayed information updates, and single functions in terms of station announcements and information display, which are difficult to meet passengers’ demand for accurate travel information and are not conducive to the intelligent management of bus operations.
The bus system based on the STC12C5A60S2 microcontroller integrates DS18B20 temperature sensor, DS1302 clock module, TTS voice broadcast module, 3 independent buttons, LCD12864 display, two LED indicators, and GPS + Beidou positioning module, etc., realizing the automatic monitoring of bus operation status and intelligent display of information. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of the temperature inside the bus through DS18B20 and displaying it on the LCD12864; obtaining the current time with the help of DS1302 to provide a basis for time-related operation scheduling; using the TTS voice broadcast module to automatically broadcast station information when the vehicle arrives at a designated station, and it can also be triggered manually through buttons; 3 independent buttons are used for modifying time, manually broadcasting stations and function switching respectively; the LCD12864 display synchronously shows the time, the temperature inside the bus, the current station information and the longitude and latitude obtained by the GPS + Beidou module; two LED indicators represent the up and down directions respectively, clearly indicating the driving direction of the vehicle.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of bus operation, reduces errors caused by manual intervention, provides passengers with timely and accurate travel information, and also facilitates bus dispatching management. It has high practical application value and provides a reference for the research and development of similar intelligent bus equipment.
Keywords: STC12C5A60S2; Bus system; Sensor; Intelligent broadcast; Positioning; Information display
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温度传感器选择
2.1.3 时钟模块选择
2.1.4 语音播报模块选择
2.1.5 按键模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 定位模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温度传感器电路
3.3 时钟模块电路
3.4 语音播报模块电路
3.5 显示模块电路
3.6 定位模块电路
3.7 按键模块电路
3.8 LED 指示模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程
4.6 时钟模块子流程设计
4.7 GPS模块子流程设计
第 5 章 仿真测试
5.1 整体仿真测试
5.2 温度传感器功能测试
5.3 时钟模块功能测试
5.4 语音播报模块功能测试
5.5 定位模块功能测试
5.6 显示模块功能测试
5.7 按键与 LED 指示功能测试
第 6 章 实物测试
6.1 整体实物测试
6.2 温度传感器功能测试
6.3 时钟模块功能测试
6.4 语音播报模块功能测试
6.5 定位模块功能测试
6.6 显示模块功能测试
6.7 按键与 LED 指示功能测试
第 7 章 总结与展望
7.1 总结
7.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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