设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
在农林生产领域，水资源的高效利用与精准灌溉对提升作物产量、保障生态可持续性具有重要意义。传统的农林灌溉方式多依赖人工经验判断，存在灌溉时机不准确、水资源浪费严重、劳动强度大等问题，难以适应现代化农林生产的规模化、精细化需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的光伏农林湿度检测和灌溉系统，整合了 DS18B20 温度传感器、YL69 土壤湿度传感器、太阳能供电模块、电压监测模块、按键、OLED 显示屏、ESP8266WiFi 模块及灌溉执行设备，实现了农林环境的自动化监测与智能灌溉控制。系统核心功能包括：通过 DS18B20 实时监测环境温度，为灌溉决策提供环境参考；通过 YL69 检测土壤湿度，当湿度低于预设最小值时自动启动灌溉设备，高于最大值时关闭灌溉，实现精准补水；采用太阳能为电池供电，再由电池为系统供电，兼顾环保与续航；通过电压监测模块实时监测太阳能板输出电压，当电压低于最小值时触发声光报警，提醒维护；支持通过按键设置温度、湿度、电压等参数阈值，以及手动控制灌溉开关和模式切换；通过 3 个独立 OLED 显示屏分别实时显示监测数据、设置的阈值及系统运行模式；借助 ESP8266WiFi 模块将数据上传至阿里云平台，支持手机端远程查看数据、设置参数及控制灌溉设备。
该系统的实现，有效提升了农林灌溉的自动化与智能化水平，减少了人工干预，提高了水资源利用效率，为规模化农林生产提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类光伏农林测控设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；光伏农林；湿度检测；自动灌溉；WiFi 通信；阿里云
ABSTRACT
In the field of agricultural and forestry production, efficient utilization of water resources and precise irrigation are of great significance for improving crop yields and ensuring ecological sustainability. Traditional agricultural and forestry irrigation methods mostly rely on manual experience judgment, which have problems such as inaccurate irrigation timing, serious waste of water resources, and high labor intensity, making it difficult to meet the large-scale and refined needs of modern agricultural and forestry production.
The photovoltaic agricultural and forestry humidity detection and irrigation system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates DS18B20 temperature sensor, YL69 soil moisture sensor, solar power supply module, voltage monitoring module, buttons, OLED displays, ESP8266WiFi module and irrigation execution equipment, realizing automatic monitoring of agricultural and forestry environment and intelligent irrigation control. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of ambient temperature through DS18B20 to provide environmental reference for irrigation decisions; detecting soil moisture through YL69, automatically starting irrigation equipment when the humidity is lower than the preset minimum value, and turning off irrigation when it is higher than the maximum value to achieve precise water replenishment; using solar energy to supply power to the battery, and then the battery supplies power to the system, taking into account environmental protection and battery life; real-time monitoring of the output voltage of the solar panel through the voltage monitoring module, triggering an audible and visual alarm when the voltage is lower than the minimum value to remind maintenance; supporting the setting of temperature, humidity, voltage and other parameter thresholds through buttons, as well as manual control of irrigation switches and mode switching; real-time display of monitoring data, set thresholds and system operation modes through 3 independent OLED displays; uploading data to Alibaba Cloud platform with the help of ESP8266WiFi module, supporting mobile phone remote viewing of data, setting parameters and controlling irrigation equipment.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of agricultural and forestry irrigation, reduces manual intervention, improves the efficiency of water resources utilization, provides an efficient and reliable solution for large-scale agricultural and forestry production, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar photovoltaic agricultural and forestry measurement and control equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6; Photovoltaic agriculture and forestry; Humidity detection; Automatic irrigation; WiFi communication; Alibaba Cloud
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温度传感器选择
2.1.3 土壤湿度传感器选择
2.1.4 按键模块选择
2.1.5 显示模块选择
2.1.6 WiFi 模块选择
2.1.7 声光报警模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温度传感器电路
3.3 土壤湿度传感器电路
3.4 显示模块电路
3.5 按键模块电路
3.6 WiFi 模块电路
3.7 声光报警模块电路
3.8 灌溉设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程
4.6 WiFi模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温度传感器功能测试
5.3 土壤湿度传感器功能测试
5.4 电压监测与太阳能供电模块功能测试
5.5 显示模块功能测试
5.6 按键模块功能测试
5.7 WiFi 模块功能测试
5.8 声光报警模块功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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