设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
在城市化进程与极端天气频发的背景下，低洼地段的积水监测与及时处置对预防内涝灾害、保障居民生命财产安全具有重要意义。传统的人工巡查方式存在响应迟缓、覆盖范围有限、数据准确性不足等问题，难以满足动态化、精准化的积水防控需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的低洼地段水深监测系统，整合了 HC-R04 超声波传感器、AIR7804G 模块、3 个独立按键、OLED 显示屏、ECB02 蓝牙模块及执行设备（水泵、声光报警装置），实现了低洼区域水深的实时监测与智能处置。系统核心功能包括：通过 HC-R04 超声波传感器测量水平面高度，结合预设总高度计算实际水位，当水位超过设定最大值时，自动启动水泵抽水并触发声光报警；通过 GPS 模块获取当前位置经纬度并发送至手机端，实现积水点的精准定位；支持通过 3 个独立按键手动设置水位最大值，以及直接控制水泵的开关状态；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示当前水位、经纬度及设备运行状态，当水位超标时醒目显示 “水深危险” 提示；借助 ECB02 蓝牙模块将水位数据、经纬度同步至手机端，同时支持通过手机远程设置水位阈值和控制水泵开关。
该系统的应用有效提升了低洼地段积水监测的自动化水平，实现了险情的快速响应与精准处置，为城市内涝防治提供了可靠的技术支撑，同时为同类水文监测设备的研发提供了参考，具有较强的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；低洼地段；水深监测；超声波传感器；GPRS 定位；蓝牙通信
ABSTRACT
Against the backdrop of urbanization and frequent extreme weather, monitoring and timely disposal of waterlogging in low-lying areas are of great significance for preventing waterlogging disasters and ensuring the safety of residents’ lives and property. Traditional manual inspection methods have problems such as slow response, limited coverage, and insufficient data accuracy, which are difficult to meet the needs of dynamic and precise waterlogging prevention and control.
The water depth monitoring system for low-lying areas based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates HC-R04 ultrasonic sensors, AIR7804G modules, 3 independent buttons, OLED displays, ECB02 Bluetooth modules, and executive devices (water pumps, sound and light alarm devices) to realize real-time monitoring and intelligent disposal of water depth in low-lying areas. The core functions of the system include: measuring the water level height through the HC-R04 ultrasonic sensor, calculating the actual water level combined with the preset total height, and automatically starting the water pump to pump water and triggering the sound and light alarm when the water level exceeds the set maximum value; obtaining the current latitude and longitude through the AIR7804G module and sending it to the mobile phone to realize the precise positioning of the waterlogging point; supporting manual setting of the maximum water level through 3 independent buttons, and directly controlling the on-off state of the water pump; real-time display of current water level, latitude and longitude, and equipment operation status through the OLED display, and prominently displaying the “dangerous water depth” prompt when the water level exceeds the standard; synchronizing water level data and latitude and longitude to the mobile phone through the ECB02 Bluetooth module, and supporting remote setting of water level thresholds and controlling the water pump switch through the mobile phone.
The application of this system effectively improves the automation level of waterlogging monitoring in low-lying areas, realizes the rapid response and precise disposal of dangerous situations, provides reliable technical support for urban waterlogging prevention, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar hydrological monitoring equipment, with strong practical application value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6; Low-lying area; Water depth monitoring; Ultrasonic sensor; GPRS positioning; Bluetooth communication
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 水深监测传感器选择
2.1.3 定位与通信模块选择
2.1.4 按键模块选择
2.1.5 显示模块选择
2.1.6 蓝牙模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 水深监测传感器电路
3.3 定位与通信模块电路
3.4 显示模块电路
3.5 蓝牙模块电路
3.6 按键模块电路
3.7 执行设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 超声波检测模块子流程设计
4.7 蓝牙模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 水深监测传感器功能测试
5.3 定位模块功能测试
5.4 蓝牙模块功能测试
5.5 按键设置与显示功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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