设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
在危险品运输行业中，运输过程中的安全监测至关重要。危险品在运输时易受温度、明火、烟雾及有害气体等因素影响，若这些隐患不能及时发现和处理，可能引发泄漏、爆炸等严重安全事故，危及生命财产安全和生态环境。因此，研发一种能实时、准确监测危险品运输过程中各类安全参数的系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的危险品运输车监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DS18B20 温度传感器检测环境温度，当温度值超出设置的上下限值范围时触发声光报警；借助 MQ-2 烟雾传感器监测烟雾浓度，烟雾值大于设置最大值时启动声光报警；通过 MQ-135 传感器检测有害气体浓度，超过预设最大值时进行声光报警；利用 YS-17 火焰传感器检测明火，若发生明火则触发声光报警并闭合继电器启动灭火装置。系统状态显示方面，上述任一异常情况出现时 OLED 屏显示 “danger”，否则显示 “safe”；用户可通过按键设置各参数阈值并手动控制灭火继电器；通过 ECBO2 蓝牙模块将监测数据传输至手机端，手机端支持远程修改阈值和控制继电器。
该危险品运输车监测系统的作用在于，为危险品运输提供了全方位的安全监测与预警解决方案。通过多参数实时监测和多重报警机制，能及时发现运输过程中的安全隐患并采取应对措施，有效降低安全事故发生概率，保障运输安全，为危险品运输行业的安全管理提供可靠技术支持。
关键词：单片机；危险品运输；安全监测；STM32F103C8T6；多参数预警
Design of Dangerous Goods Transport Vehicle Monitoring System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
In the dangerous goods transportation industry, safety monitoring during transportation is crucial. Dangerous goods are easily affected by factors such as temperature, open flames, smoke, and harmful gases during transportation. If these hazards are not detected and dealt with in a timely manner, they may cause serious safety accidents such as leaks and explosions, endangering life and property safety and the ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that can monitor various safety parameters in real-time and accurately during the transportation of dangerous goods.
This design proposes a dangerous goods transport vehicle monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting the ambient temperature through the DS18B20 temperature sensor, and triggering an audible and visual alarm when the temperature value exceeds the set upper and lower limit range; Using MQ-2 smoke sensor to monitor smoke concentration, sound and light alarm will be activated when the smoke value is greater than the set maximum value; Detect harmful gas concentration through MQ-135 sensor, and sound and light alarm when it exceeds the preset maximum value; Use YS-17 flame sensor to detect open flames. If an open flame occurs, trigger an audible and visual alarm and close the relay to activate the fire extinguishing device. In terms of system status display, when any of the above abnormal situations occur, the OLED screen displays “danger”, otherwise it displays “safe”; Users can set the threshold values for various parameters and manually control the fire extinguishing relay through buttons; The monitoring data is transmitted to the mobile phone through the ECBO2 Bluetooth module, which supports remote modification of thresholds and control of relays.
The purpose of this hazardous material transport vehicle monitoring system is to provide a comprehensive safety monitoring and warning solution for the transportation of hazardous materials. Through multi parameter real-time monitoring and multiple alarm mechanisms, safety hazards during transportation can be detected in a timely manner and corresponding measures can be taken to effectively reduce the probability of safety accidents, ensure transportation safety, and provide reliable technical support for the safety management of the dangerous goods transportation industry.
Keywords： microcontroller; Dangerous goods transportation; Safety monitoring; STM32F103C8T6； Multi parameter warning
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温度检测模块电路设计
3.4 烟雾与有害气体检测模块电路设计
3.5 火焰检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警与灭火控制模块电路设计
3.9 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.7 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数监测及显示功能测试
5.3 声光报警功能测试
5.4 灭火控制功能测试
5.5 按键交互及阈值设置功能测试
5.6 蓝牙远程传输功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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