设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
在新能源产业快速发展的背景下，光伏电站的稳定运行与高效管理成为行业关注的核心问题。环境因素如温湿度、光照强度、风速等对光伏组件的发电效率和设备寿命影响显著，温湿度异常可能导致组件老化加速或电路故障，光照与风速数据则是评估发电潜力的关键依据。传统光伏监测方式存在实时性差、数据分散、异常预警滞后等问题，难以满足电站精细化管理需求。因此，研发一种能全面、精准监测环境参数并实现远程预警的系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的光伏电站监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 温湿度监测模块实时采集环境温湿度，当检测值超过预设最大值时触发声光报警；借助 5516 光照监测模块获取光照强度数据，通过 FS 风速监测模块采集风速信息；用户可通过按键灵活设置各参数的阈值；OLED 显示屏实时分区显示温湿度、光照强度、风速等测量数据；4G 模块将所有监测数据远程传输至阿里云平台，平台支持历史数据存储与查询，并将数据同步至手机端，当检测到温度或湿度过高时，手机端自动弹出预警提醒。
该光伏电站监测系统的作用在于，为电站运维提供了一体化的环境监测与智能预警解决方案。通过多参数实时监测、本地声光报警与远程手机弹窗提醒的双重预警机制，能及时发现潜在风险，保障设备安全运行；历史数据存储功能为电站效率分析和优化提供可靠数据支撑，有助于提升光伏电站的管理水平和发电效益，推动光伏产业的智能化发展。
关键词：单片机；光伏电站监测；STM32F103C8T6；环境参数监测；远程预警
Design of Photovoltaic Power Station Monitoring System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
Against the backdrop of rapid development in the new energy industry, the stable operation and efficient management of photovoltaic power plants have become the core issues of concern in the industry. Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, light intensity, wind speed, etc. have a significant impact on the power generation efficiency and equipment life of photovoltaic modules. Abnormal temperature and humidity may accelerate module aging or circuit failure. Light and wind speed data are key criteria for evaluating power generation potential. The traditional photovoltaic monitoring method has problems such as poor real-time performance, scattered data, and lagging abnormal warning, which are difficult to meet the needs of refined management in power plants. Therefore, developing a system that can comprehensively and accurately monitor environmental parameters and achieve remote warning is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a photovoltaic power station monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time collection of environmental temperature and humidity through the DHT11 temperature and humidity monitoring module, triggering sound and light alarms when the detection value exceeds the preset maximum value; Using the 5516 light monitoring module to obtain light intensity data, and collecting wind speed information through the FS wind speed monitoring module; Users can flexibly set the threshold values of various parameters through buttons; Real time partitioned display of temperature, humidity, light intensity, wind speed and other measurement data on OLED display screen; The 4G module remotely transmits all monitoring data to the Alibaba Cloud platform, which supports historical data storage and query, and synchronizes the data to the mobile phone. When high temperature or humidity is detected, the mobile phone will automatically pop up a warning reminder.
The purpose of this photovoltaic power station monitoring system is to provide an integrated environmental monitoring and intelligent warning solution for power station operation and maintenance. Through a dual warning mechanism of real-time monitoring with multiple parameters, local sound and light alarms, and remote mobile pop-up reminders, potential risks can be detected in a timely manner to ensure the safe operation of equipment; The historical data storage function provides reliable data support for power plant efficiency analysis and optimization, which helps to improve the management level and power generation efficiency of photovoltaic power plants, and promote the intelligent development of the photovoltaic industry.
Keywords： microcontroller; Photovoltaic power station monitoring; STM32F103C8T6； Environmental parameter monitoring; DEW
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 DHT11 温湿度监测模块电路设计
3.4 5516 光照监测模块电路设计
3.5 FS 风速监测模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 OLED 显示模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 4G 模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 4G模块联网子流程设计
4.7 ADC模数转换子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数监测及显示功能测试
5.3 阈值设置与声光报警功能测试
5.4 远程数据传输与手机预警功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
购买后可查看具体内容！