设计说明书
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基于单片机的风光互补的路灯控制系统设计
随着环境污染的持续加剧，可再生能源得到了各个领域的高度重视，其在电力行业的应用也更加广泛，在以路灯供电系统为代表的生活用电中，新能源出力越来越多。而风电、光伏单一的供电系统具有供电的不稳定性，因此，对风光互补的路灯系统的开发和设计具有重要的现实意义。以STM32为控制核心，结合多传感器模块，实现对风光互补出力的组合优化以及对路灯开关的自动控制，主要涉及内容如下：
针对风电或光伏单一能源的路灯系统照明的不稳定性，基于STM32F103C8T6单片机，融合风光互补发电技术和智能控制策略，设计了一套多功能的路灯控制系统。该系统通过风速检测模块利用风能对锂电池进行充电；通过太阳能板实现光能向电能的转换，为路灯系统提供绿色、可持续的能源；通过两个光照检测模块，能够智能的根据环境光照强度控制路灯的开关，并监测路灯的工作状态，以确保路灯正常运行；通过电压检测模块实时监测锂电池的充电电压，保障充电过程的安全和稳定。OLED显示屏实时显示当前风速、充电电压、路灯工作模式及路灯状态，提供更加直观的用户界面。按键模块使用户能够灵活切换路灯工作模式、控制路灯开关以及设置光照强度阈值，增强了系统的灵活性和用户友好性。
通过对风光互补路灯控制系统的仿真模拟和实物试验，实现了风光互补发电技术与智能控制技术的有机结合，能有效提高路灯系统的照明效率与稳定性。采用智能控制和实时监测功能，不仅能够优化路灯系统的工作状态，降低能耗，还对可再生能源的充分利用提供有益支撑。
关键词：单片机；风光互补；智能控制；路灯系统
ABSTRACT
With the continuous intensification of environmental pollution, renewable energy has been highly valued in various fields, and its application in the power industry is more extensive. However, the single power supply system of wind power and photovoltaic has the instability of power supply, so it is of great practical significance for the development and design of the street lamp system with wind and solar complementation. With STM32 as the control core and combined with the multi-sensor module, the combination optimization of wind-solar complementary output and the automatic control of street light switches are realized, which mainly involves the following contents:
In view of the instability of the lighting of the street lamp system of wind power or photovoltaic single energy source, a set of multi-functional street lamp control system was designed based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, integrating the wind-solar hybrid power generation technology and intelligent control strategy. The system uses wind energy to charge lithium batteries through the wind speed detection module; Convert light energy into electricity through solar panels to provide green and sustainable energy for street lighting systems; Through the two light detection modules, the switch of the street lamp can be intelligently controlled according to the ambient light intensity, and the working status of the street lamp can be monitored to ensure the normal operation of the street lamp; The charging voltage of the lithium battery is monitored in real time through the voltage detection module to ensure the safety and stability of the charging process. The OLED display displays the current wind speed. The pushbutton module enables the user to flexibly switch between street light operating modes, and set light intensity thresholds, enhancing the flexibility and user-friendliness of the system.
Through the simulation and physical test of the wind-solar hybrid street lamp control system, the organic combination of wind-solar hybrid power generation technology and intelligent control technology is realized, which can effectively improve the lighting efficiency and stability of the street lamp system. The use of intelligent control and real-time monitoring functions can not only optimize the working state of the street lighting system, reduce energy consumption, but also provide beneficial support for the full use of renewable energy.
Keywords: single-chip microcomputer; wind and solar complementarity; intelligent control; Street lighting system
目 录
插图清单
引言
1 绪论
1.1 课题的背景意义及研究现状
1.1.1 背景意义
1.1.2 研究现状
1.2 论文的架构介绍
1.2.1 设计任务
1.2.2 研究内容
1.3 论文的内容安排
2 总体方案设计
2.1 主要模块器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 光照传感器选择
2.1.3 风速传感器选择
2.1.4 显示模块选择
2.2 系统的总体设计方案
3 系统硬件电路设计
3.1 主控电路设计
3.1.1 STM32F103C8T6介绍
3.1.2 单片机最小系统电路设计
3.2 风速采集模块电路设计
3.3 光照采集模块设计
3.4 电池电压采集模块设计
3.5 充放电一体模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路图
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 路灯模块电路图
4 系统软件设计
4.1 系统软件总体设计
4.2 风速传感器采集模块设计
4.3 光照采集模块设计
4.4 电池电压采集模块设计
4.5 按键模块设计
4.6 显示模块设计
5 系统实物与调试
5.1 软件介绍
5.2 实物调试
5.2.1 风速充电实物调试
5.2.2太阳能充电调试
5.2.3锂电池为路灯供电调试
5.2.4光照采集模块调试
5.2.5电压采集模块调试
结论与展望
致 谢
参考文献
附录A 原理图
附录B 主要参考文献的题录及摘要
附录C 主要源程序
插图清单
图2-1 系统设计框图
图3-1 STM32F103C8T6引脚图
图3-2 复位电路图
图3-3 晶振电路图
图3-4 风速采集模块引脚图
图3-5 5516电路图
图3-6 电池电压采集电路图
图3-7 充放电一体模块电路图
图3-8 按键模块电路图
图3-9 显示模块电路图
图3-10 报警模块电路图
图3-11 照明灯控制模块电路图
图4-1 主程序流程图
图4-2 风速传感器采集流程图
图4-3 光照采集流程图
图4-4 电池电压采集流程图
图4-5 按键检测流程图
图4-6 显示流程图
图5-1 风速给锂电池充电实物图
图5-2 太阳能充电实物图
图5-3 锂电池充电实物图
图5-4 光照过低打开路灯实物图
图5-5 路灯损坏报警实物图
图5-6 电压监测实物图
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