设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着城市化进程的加速和公共环境卫生标准的提升，垃圾桶的智能化升级对提高垃圾清运效率、改善城市整洁度具有重要意义。传统垃圾桶依赖人工巡查，不仅存在清运不及时、资源调配不合理的问题，还可能因垃圾溢出造成二次污染，难以适应现代城市精细化管理的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能垃圾桶系统，整合了红外避障传感器、HC-SR04 超声波监测模块、GPS + 北斗定位模块、舵机 SG90、按键、OLED 显示模块及 ECB02 蓝牙模块，实现了垃圾桶的自动化操作与智能化管理。系统核心功能包括：通过红外避障传感器监测前方是否有人，当垃圾桶内垃圾未满时，自动控制舵机 SG90 转动打开桶盖；通过 HC-SR04 超声波模块实时监测垃圾桶余量，精准判断垃圾是否已满；借助 GPS + 北斗定位模块获取当前经纬度信息；支持通过按键手动控制桶盖开关；利用 OLED 显示模块实时展示是否有人、垃圾余量、经纬度等数据；通过 ECB02 蓝牙模块将监测数据传输至手机端，当垃圾桶余量为 0 时，自动发送包含经纬度的信息 “垃圾桶已满，请速速处理”，同时支持手机端发送指令远程控制桶盖开关。
该系统的实现，有效提升了垃圾桶的智能化管理水平，降低了人工巡检成本，保障了垃圾的及时清运，为城市环境卫生管理提供了高效、精准的解决方案，同时为同类智能环卫设备的研发提供了有益参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能垃圾桶；红外避障；超声波监测；GPS + 北斗定位；蓝牙通信
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of public environmental hygiene standards, the intelligent upgrading of trash bins is of great significance for improving the efficiency of garbage collection and transportation and enhancing urban cleanliness. Traditional trash bins rely on manual inspections, which not only have problems such as untimely collection and transportation, unreasonable resource allocation, but also may cause secondary pollution due to garbage overflow, making them difficult to meet the needs of modern urban refined management.
The intelligent trash bin system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates an infrared obstacle avoidance sensor, HC-SR04 ultrasonic monitoring module, GPS + Beidou positioning module, SG90 servo, buttons, OLED display module and ECB02 Bluetooth module, realizing automatic operation and intelligent management of the trash bin. The core functions of the system include: monitoring whether there is a person in front through the infrared obstacle avoidance sensor, and automatically controlling the SG90 servo to rotate to open the bin lid when the trash in the bin is not full; real-time monitoring of the remaining capacity of the trash bin through the HC-SR04 ultrasonic module to accurately determine whether the trash is full; obtaining the current longitude and latitude information with the help of the GPS + Beidou positioning module; supporting manual control of the bin lid switch through buttons; using the OLED display module to display real-time data such as whether there is a person, remaining trash capacity, and longitude and latitude; transmitting monitoring data to the mobile phone terminal through the ECB02 Bluetooth module. When the remaining capacity of the trash bin is 0, it automatically sends a message containing the longitude and latitude: “The trash bin is full, please handle it as soon as possible”, and also supports the mobile phone terminal to send commands to remotely control the bin lid switch.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the intelligent management level of trash bins, reduced the cost of manual inspection, ensured the timely collection and transportation of garbage, provided an efficient and accurate solution for urban environmental hygiene management, and at the same time offered a useful reference for the research and development of similar intelligent environmental sanitation equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords:STM32F103C8T6; intelligent trash bin; infrared obstacle avoidance; ultrasonic monitoring; GPS + Beidou positioning; Bluetooth communication
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 人体检测模块选择
2.1.3 余量检测模块选择
2.1.4 定位模块选择
2.1.5 无线通信模块选择
2.1.6 执行模块（开盖装置）选择
2.1.7 显示模块选择
2.1.8 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 红外避障模块电路
3.3 超声波检测模块电路
3.4 GPS / 北斗定位模块电路
3.5 蓝牙模块电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 按键模块电路
3.8 舵机驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 超声波检测模块子流程设计
4.6 舵机子流程设计
4.7 蓝牙模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 红外避障与舵机联动功能测试
5.3 超声波检测模块功能测试
5.4 GPS / 北斗定位模块功能测试
5.5 蓝牙模块功能测试
5.6 按键控制功能测试
5.7 显示模块功能测试
5.8 舵机驱动功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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