设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着城市化进程的加快和居民安全意识的提升，家居环境的安全监测与智能预警对保障家庭生命财产安全具有重要意义。传统的家居安全管理多依赖人工检查和独立报警设备，存在监测不全面、响应滞后、联动性差等问题，难以满足现代化家居的安全防护需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的物联网家居环境预警监测系统，整合了 MQ-2 烟雾传感器、MQ-135 有害气体传感器、DS18B20 温度传感器、D203S 人体热释电传感器、3 个独立按键、OLED 显示屏、ESP8266 WIFI 模块及执行设备（声光报警装置、通风风扇、降温设备、加热片、喷水器），实现了家居环境的全方位监测与智能预警控制。系统核心功能包括：通过 MQ-2 检测烟雾值，超过最大值时启动声光报警并开启通风风扇；通过 MQ-135 检测有害混合气体值，超标时触发声光报警和通风风扇；借助 DS18B20 监测温度，温度高于 50℃时开启降温设备，低于最小值时启动加热片，当温度超 50℃且烟雾超标时，同时启动声光报警、通风风扇和喷水器；通过 D203S 检测人体活动，布防状态下检测到有人时触发声光报警；支持通过独立按键设置各参数阈值，手动控制器件及切换撤防 / 布防模式；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示各项监测数据及设备状态；利用 ESP8266 WIFI 模块将数据发送至手机端，实现远程监测、阈值设置、器件控制及撤防 / 布防操作。
该系统的实现，有效提升了家居环境监测的自动化与智能化水平，实现了多参数协同监测与设备联动控制，为家庭安全防护提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类智能家居监测设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；家居环境；预警监测；传感器；物联网；WIFI 通信
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of residents’ safety awareness, safety monitoring and intelligent early warning of home environments are of great significance for ensuring the safety of family lives and property. Traditional home safety management mostly relies on manual inspections and independent alarm devices, which have problems such as incomplete monitoring, delayed response, and poor linkage, making it difficult to meet the safety protection needs of modern homes.
The Internet of Things home environment warning and monitoring system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates MQ-2 smoke sensors, MQ-135 harmful gas sensors, DS18B20 temperature sensors, D203S human pyroelectric sensors, 3 independent buttons, OLED displays, ESP8266 WIFI modules, and executive devices (sound and light alarm devices, ventilation fans, cooling equipment, heating plates, water sprayers) to realize comprehensive monitoring and intelligent early warning control of home environments. The core functions of the system include: detecting smoke value through MQ-2, activating sound and light alarm and turning on ventilation fans when exceeding the maximum value; detecting harmful mixed gas value through MQ-135, triggering sound and light alarm and ventilation fans when exceeding the standard; monitoring temperature with DS18B20, turning on cooling equipment when the temperature is higher than 50℃, starting heating plates when lower than the minimum value, and simultaneously activating sound and light alarm, ventilation fans and water sprayers when the temperature exceeds 50℃ and smoke exceeds the standard; detecting human activities through D203S, triggering sound and light alarm when someone is detected in the armed state; supporting setting various parameter thresholds through independent buttons, manually controlling devices and switching between disarm/arm modes; real-time display of various monitoring data and equipment status through OLED display; sending data to the mobile phone through ESP8266 WIFI module to realize remote monitoring, threshold setting, device control and disarm/arm operations.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of home environment monitoring, realizes multi-parameter collaborative monitoring and equipment linkage control, provides an efficient and reliable solution for home safety protection, and also offers a reference for the research and development of similar smart home monitoring equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6; Home environment; Warning monitoring; Sensor; Internet of Things; WIFI communication
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 烟雾传感器选择
2.1.3 有害气体传感器选择
2.1.4 温度传感器选择
2.1.5 人体热释电传感器选择
2.1.6 按键模块选择
2.1.7 显示模块选择
2.1.8 WIFI 模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 烟雾传感器电路
3.3 有害气体传感器电路
3.4 温度传感器电路
3.5 人体热释电传感器电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 WIFI 模块电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 执行设备驱动电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.6 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 烟雾传感器功能测试
5.3 有害气体传感器功能测试
5.4 温度传感器功能测试
5.5 人体热释电传感器功能测试
5.6 WIFI 模块功能测试
5.7 按键设置与显示功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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