设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
在无土栽培领域，环境参数与营养液状态的精准调控对作物生长质量与产量起着决定性作用。传统无土栽培管理多依赖人工巡检和经验调节，存在参数控制滞后、营养液配比失衡、资源浪费等问题，难以满足精细化种植的严苛需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的小型无土栽培自动控制系统，整合了 DS18B20 温度传感器、PH4502C 监测模块、YW_J 水位监测模块、5516 光照检测模块、OLED 显示屏及按键，实现了对栽培环境的实时监测、智能调控与状态展示。系统核心功能包括：通过 DS18B20 监测环境温度，温度超限时开启通风继电器并触发声光报警；借助 PH4502C 检测培养液 PH 值，超标时自动加水或添加营养液，同时启动声光报警；利用 YW_J 监测水箱水位，低于最小值时自动补水，高于最大值时触发声光报警；通过 5516 模块检测光照强度，低于设定值时开启日光灯，高于设定值时关闭；支持通过按键现场设置各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示各项监测数据。
该系统的实现，有效提升了小型无土栽培管理的自动化与精准化水平，通过多参数协同监测、智能调节及状态可视化，为作物生长提供了稳定、适宜的环境，同时为家庭及小型农场的栽培设备升级提供了参考，具有较高的实用价值与推广意义。
关键词：无土栽培；STM32；自动控制；环境监测；智能调节
ABSTRACT
In the field of soilless culture, the precise regulation of environmental parameters and nutrient solution status plays a decisive role in the growth quality and yield of crops. Traditional soilless culture management mostly relies on manual inspection and empirical adjustment, which has problems such as delayed parameter control, unbalanced nutrient solution ratio, and resource waste, making it difficult to meet the strict requirements of refined cultivation.
The small-sized soilless culture automatic control system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates a DS18B20 temperature sensor, a PH4502C monitoring module, a YW_J water level monitoring module, a 5516 light detection module, an OLED display, and buttons, realizing real-time monitoring, intelligent regulation, and status display of the cultivation environment. The core functions of the system include: monitoring the ambient temperature through the DS18B20, turning on the ventilation relay and triggering an audible and visual alarm when the temperature exceeds the limit; detecting the pH value of the nutrient solution by means of the PH4502C, automatically adding water or nutrient solution when the pH value is out of range, and activating the audible and visual alarm at the same time; using the YW_J to monitor the water level of the water tank, automatically replenishing water when the level is below the minimum value, and triggering the audible and visual alarm when it is above the maximum value; detecting the light intensity through the 5516 module, turning on the fluorescent lamp when the intensity is lower than the set value, and turning it off when it is higher than the set value; supporting on-site setting of various parameter thresholds through buttons; and displaying all monitoring data in real-time via the OLED display.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the automation and precision level of small-sized soilless culture management. Through multi-parameter collaborative monitoring, intelligent regulation, and status visualization, it provides a stable and suitable environment for crop growth. At the same time, it offers a reference for the upgrading of cultivation equipment in families and small farms, and has high practical value and promotion significance.
Keywords:soilless culture; STM32; automatic control; environmental monitoring; intelligent regulation
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温度检测模块选择
2.1.3 PH 值检测模块选择
2.1.4 水位监测模块选择
2.1.5 光照检测模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 按键模块选择
2.1.8 声光报警模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温度检测模块电路
3.3 PH 值检测模块电路
3.4 水位监测模块电路
3.5 光照检测模块电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 按键模块电路
3.8 声光报警模块电路
3.9 继电器控制模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温度检测模块子流程
4.6 ADC模数转换子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温度检测与通风控制功能测试
5.3 PH 值检测与水肥调节功能测试
5.4 水位检测与补水控制功能测试
5.5 光照检测与补光控制功能测试
5.6 按键设置与显示功能测试
5.7 声光报警功能综合测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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