设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
在公共卫生设施场景中，公厕的环境舒适度、使用便捷性及资源合理利用，对公众的出行体验与公共服务质量起着重要作用。传统的公厕管理多依赖人工巡查，存在环境调节不及时、厕位信息不透明、资源浪费等问题，难以满足公众对便捷、舒适如厕环境的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智慧公厕引导系统，整合了 DHT11 温湿度传感器、MQ-135 氨气传感器、时钟模块 DS1302、红外避障传感器、OLED 显示屏及按键，实现了对公厕环境的实时监测、自动调节与信息展示。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 检测环境温湿度，温湿度大于最大值时自动打开风扇吹风，温度小于最小值时自动打开加热及吹风，湿度小于最小值时打开加湿器；借助 MQ-135 检测氨气浓度，氨气大于最大值时启动通风；利用时钟模块 DS1302 获取当前时间；通过红外避障传感器检测三个位置的当前人数；通过 OLED 显示屏展示各项数据及剩余厕位；通过按键设置温湿度、氨气阈值及时间。
该系统的实现，有效提升了公厕管理的智能化水平与环境舒适度，通过多参数环境监测、自动调节及信息透明化，为公众提供了便捷、舒适的如厕体验，同时为公共卫生设施的智能化升级提供了参考，具有较高的实用价值与推广意义。
关键词：智慧公厕引导系统；STM32；环境监测；自动调节；信息展示
ABSTRACT
In the scenario of public health facilities, the environmental comfort, usage convenience, and rational utilization of resources in public toilets play an important role in the public’s travel experience and the quality of public services. Traditional public toilet management mostly relies on manual inspections, which has problems such as untimely environmental adjustment, opaque toilet availability information, and resource waste, making it difficult to meet the public’s demand for a convenient and comfortable toilet environment.
The smart public toilet guidance system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates DHT11 temperature and humidity sensors, MQ-135 ammonia sensors, DS1302 clock module, infrared obstacle avoidance sensors, OLED display, and buttons, realizing real-time monitoring, automatic adjustment, and information display of the public toilet environment. The core functions of the system include: detecting ambient temperature and humidity through DHT11, automatically turning on the fan when the temperature and humidity exceed the maximum set values, automatically turning on heating and the fan when the temperature is lower than the minimum set value, and turning on the humidifier when the humidity is lower than the minimum set value; detecting ammonia concentration with MQ-135, and starting ventilation when the ammonia concentration exceeds the maximum set value; obtaining the current time using the DS1302 clock module; detecting the number of people in three positions through infrared obstacle avoidance sensors; displaying various data and remaining toilet positions via the OLED display; and setting temperature and humidity, ammonia thresholds, and time through buttons.
The implementation of this system has effectively improved the intelligent level of public toilet management and environmental comfort. Through multi-parameter environmental monitoring, automatic adjustment, and information transparency, it provides the public with a convenient and comfortable toilet experience. At the same time, it provides a reference for the intelligent upgrading of public health facilities, and has high practical value and promotion significance.
Keywords:Smart Public Toilet Guidance System; STM32; Environmental Monitoring; Automatic Adjustment; Information Display
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.2.1 国外研究现状
1.2.2 国内研究现状
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 温湿度检测模块选择
2.1.3 氨气检测模块选择
2.1.4 时钟模块选择
2.1.5 人数检测模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 按键模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 温湿度检测模块电路
3.3 氨气检测模块电路
3.4 时钟模块电路
3.5 人数检测模块电路
3.6 显示模块电路
3.7 按键模块电路
3.8 风扇控制模块电路
3.9 加热器控制模块电路
3.10 加湿器控制模块电路
3.11 通风设备控制模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.7 时钟模块子流程设计
第5章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 温湿度检测与联动控制功能测试
5.3 氨气检测与通风控制功能测试
5.4 时钟显示与设置功能测试
5.5 人数检测与剩余厕位显示功能测试
5.6 按键设置与显示功能测试
第6章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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