设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
在水族养殖领域，水温、水位等环境参数的稳定与否直接影响水生生物的生存状态，而人工监测与调控不仅耗时费力，还易因反应不及时导致水质恶化或生物死亡。传统鱼缸管理方式存在监测精度低、调控滞后、功能单一等问题，难以满足现代水族爱好者对精准化、自动化养殖的需求。因此，研发一种能实时监测多项环境参数、自动执行调控操作且支持远程管理的智能监控系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的鱼缸智能监控系统。系统主要功能包括：通过防水式 DS18B20 水温监测模块实时采集水温，当水温高于最大值时，继电器自动控制水泵抽入凉水降温；当水温低于最小值时，启动热水棒升温；借助 HC-R04 超声波监测模块监测水位，水位低于设定值时，继电器驱动水泵自动加水；用户通过按键设置定时投喂间隔，时间到达后控制 SG90 舵机转动实现自动投喂，5 秒后舵机回位；按键模块还支持水温阈值、鱼缸总高度、水位最小值的参数设置及外设手动控制；OLED 显示屏实时展示水温、水位、投喂时间等测量值；ESP8266-WiFi 模块实现监测数据远程传输至手机端，支持手机端设置阈值与控制外设。
该鱼缸智能监控系统的作用在于，通过多参数自动监测与智能调控，构建了稳定的鱼缸生态环境。水温与水位的实时调控避免了环境剧烈波动对水生生物的影响，定时投喂功能保证了喂食的规律性，远程管理功能则提升了操作便利性。为水族养殖提供了一种精准、高效、便捷的智能化解决方案，有助于降低养殖难度，提高水生生物存活率，提升水族养殖的科学性与趣味性。
关键词：单片机；鱼缸监控；STM32F103C8T6；自动调控；远程监测
Fish Tank Intelligent Monitoring System
Abstract
In the field of aquaculture, the stability of environmental parameters such as water temperature and water level directly affects the survival status of aquatic organisms, while manual monitoring and regulation are not only time-consuming and laborious, but also prone to water quality deterioration or biological death due to delayed response. The traditional fish tank management method has problems such as low monitoring accuracy, lagging regulation, and single functions, which are difficult to meet the needs of modern aquarium enthusiasts for precision and automated aquaculture. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an intelligent monitoring system that can monitor multiple environmental parameters in real time, automatically perform control operations, and support remote management.
This design proposes an intelligent monitoring system for fish tanks based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time collection of water temperature through the waterproof DS18B20 water temperature monitoring module. When the water temperature is higher than the maximum value, the relay automatically controls the water pump to draw in cold water for cooling; When the water temperature is below the minimum value, start the hot water rod to raise the temperature; Using the HC-R04 ultrasonic monitoring module to monitor the water level, when the water level is below the set value, the relay drives the water pump to automatically add water; Users can set the timed feeding interval by pressing the button, and when the time is up, control the SG90 servo to rotate for automatic feeding. After 5 seconds, the servo will return to its original position; The button module also supports parameter settings for water temperature threshold, total height of the fish tank, minimum water level, and manual control of peripherals; OLED display screen displays real-time measurement values such as water temperature, water level, feeding time, etc; The ESP8266 WiFi module enables remote transmission of monitoring data to the mobile phone, supporting threshold setting and peripheral control on the mobile phone.
The function of this intelligent monitoring system for fish tanks is to build a stable ecological environment through multi parameter automatic monitoring and intelligent regulation. The real-time regulation of water temperature and level avoids the impact of severe environmental fluctuations on aquatic organisms, the timed feeding function ensures the regularity of feeding, and the remote management function improves operational convenience. This provides a precise, efficient, and convenient intelligent solution for aquaculture, which helps to reduce the difficulty of aquaculture, improve the survival rate of aquatic organisms, and enhance the scientific and interesting aspects of aquaculture.
Keywords：microcontroller; Fish tank monitoring; STM32F103C8T6； Automatic regulation; Remote Monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 水温检测模块电路设计
3.4 水位检测模块电路设计
3.5 舵机模块电路设计
3.6 继电器模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 无线通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 OLED显示流程设计
4.6 WiFi模块子流程设计
4.7 温度检测模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 水温监测及自动调节功能测试
5.3 水位监测及自动加水功能测试
5.4 定时投喂功能测试
5.5 按键设置及显示功能测试
5.6 无线通信及远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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