设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
在汽车使用过程中，车内环境的舒适度与安全性至关重要。高温、高 CO₂浓度等不良车内环境不仅会降低驾乘体验，还可能对人体健康造成潜在威胁，尤其在车辆熄火后人员滞留车内的场景中，风险更为突出。传统车窗控制多依赖手动操作，难以根据环境变化自动调节，存在响应不及时的问题。因此，研发一种能实时监测车内环境并自动调控车窗的智能系统具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能车窗系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DS18B20 传感器实时采集环境温度，借助 SGP30 传感器监测车内 CO₂浓度，利用 D203S 人体热释电传感器判断车内是否有人；根据车辆运行状态（熄火或未熄火）与环境参数实现分级控制，当检测到车内有人且车辆未熄火时，若温度或 CO₂浓度超过预设阈值，通过 ULN2003A 驱动步进电机自动打开车窗；当车辆熄火且车内有人，同时温度或 CO₂浓度过高时，系统除自动开窗外，还通过 4G 模块向监护人员手机发送报警短信；用户可通过按键自定义设置温度和 CO₂浓度的安全阈值，OLED 显示屏实时展示环境温度、CO₂浓度、车内人员状态及车窗开关状态；此外，系统支持 SU-03T 语音识别功能，用户可通过语音指令控制车窗开关。
该智能车窗系统的作用在于构建了 “环境监测 – 状态判断 – 自动响应” 的智能化车窗控制机制。通过多传感器协同监测，精准感知车内环境变化与人员状态；结合车辆运行状态实现差异化控制，确保行车与停车场景下的环境安全；语音控制与按键操作相结合，提升了系统的交互便捷性。为驾乘人员提供了舒适、安全的车内环境保障，尤其在人员滞留等特殊场景下能及时预警并干预，降低健康风险，提升汽车使用的智能化水平。
关键词：单片机；智能车窗；环境监测；自动控制；语音识别
Design and Implementation of Intelligent Car Window System
Abstract
The comfort and safety of the interior environment are crucial during the use of automobiles. High temperature, high CO ₂ concentration and other adverse indoor environments not only reduce the driving experience, but may also pose potential threats to human health, especially in scenarios where people are stranded in the car after the vehicle is turned off, the risks are more prominent. Traditional window control relies heavily on manual operation and is difficult to automatically adjust according to environmental changes, resulting in delayed response. Therefore, developing an intelligent system that can monitor the in car environment in real time and automatically adjust the windows has important practical significance.
This design proposes an intelligent car window system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: real-time collection of environmental temperature through DS18B20 sensor, monitoring of CO ₂ concentration inside the vehicle with SGP30 sensor, and using D203S human pyroelectric sensor to determine whether there is a person inside the vehicle; Implement graded control based on the vehicle’s operating status (turned off or not turned off) and environmental parameters. When someone is detected inside the vehicle and the vehicle is not turned off, if the temperature or CO ₂ concentration exceeds the preset threshold, the ULN2003A drives the stepper motor to automatically open the windows; When the vehicle is turned off and there are people inside, and the temperature or CO ₂ concentration is too high, the system not only automatically opens the window, but also sends an alarm message to the monitoring personnel’s mobile phone through the 4G module; Users can customize the safety thresholds for temperature and CO ₂ concentration through buttons, and the OLED display screen displays real-time environmental temperature, CO ₂ concentration, personnel status in the car, and window switch status; In addition, the system supports SU-03T voice recognition function, and users can control the window switch through voice commands.
The function of this intelligent car window system is to construct an intelligent car window control mechanism of “environmental monitoring state judgment automatic response”. Through multi-sensor collaborative monitoring, accurately perceive changes in the in car environment and personnel status; Implementing differentiated control based on vehicle operating status to ensure environmental safety in driving and parking scenarios; The combination of voice control and button operation enhances the system’s interactive convenience. Providing comfortable and safe in car environment protection for drivers and passengers, especially in special situations such as personnel retention, timely warning and intervention can be carried out to reduce health risks and enhance the intelligence level of car use.
Keywords：microcontroller; Smart car windows; Environmental monitoring; Auto-Control; speech recognition
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 环境感知模块电路设计
3.4 人员检测模块电路设计
3.5 车窗执行模块电路设计
3.6 交互模块电路设计
3.7 报警模块电路设计
3.8 状态检测模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.7 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.8 语言识别模块子流程设计
4.9 发送短信子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数检测功能测试
5.3 车窗自动控制功能测试
5.4 语音识别与按键交互功能测试
5.5 4G 报警与状态显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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