设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
在汽车普及的现代社会，儿童滞留车内引发的安全事故时有发生，高温、缺氧等环境因素可能在短时间内对儿童生命造成严重威胁。由于儿童自救能力薄弱，若不能及时发现并干预，极易导致悲剧发生。传统的人工检查方式存在疏忽风险，因此研发一种能实时监测车内人员状态及环境参数，并在危险时自动报警的系统具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的儿童滞留车内报警系统。系统主要功能包括：通过两个 D203S 人体热释电传感器形成联动检测，第一个传感器判断司机是否离开车辆，当检测到司机离开后，第二个传感器立即启动车内人员检测；若检测到车内有人，系统自动开启环境监测模式，通过 DS18B20 温度传感器实时采集车内温度，通过 SGP30 传感器监测车内 CO₂浓度；OLED 显示屏实时展示车内温度、CO₂浓度及系统工作状态，方便用户直观了解车内环境；用户可通过按键自定义设置温度和 CO₂浓度的安全阈值，当检测到车内有人且温度或 CO₂浓度超过预设阈值时，系统立即触发声光报警，并通过 4G 模块向预设手机号发送报警短信，及时提醒家长或相关人员采取救援措施。
该儿童滞留车内报警系统的作用在于，构建了 “人员检测 – 环境监测 – 自动报警” 的一体化安全防护机制。通过双重人体感应确保检测的准确性，避免误报；实时监测车内关键环境参数，在危险来临前及时预警；多渠道报警方式提高了救援的及时性，最大限度降低儿童滞留车内的风险。为儿童乘车安全提供了可靠的技术保障，有助于提升家长的监护效率，减少安全事故的发生，守护儿童生命安全。
关键词：单片机；儿童滞留；报警系统；环境监测
A child detention car alarm system based on single-chip microcontroller
Abstract
In the modern society where cars are popular, safety accidents caused by children being stranded in cars often occur. Environmental factors such as high temperature and lack of oxygen may pose a serious threat to children’s lives in a short period of time. Due to the weak self rescue ability of children, if not detected and intervened in a timely manner, it can easily lead to tragedy. The traditional manual inspection method carries the risk of negligence, therefore the development of a system that can monitor the real-time status of personnel and environmental parameters in the vehicle, and automatically sound an alarm in case of danger has important practical significance.
This design proposes a child detention in car alarm system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: forming a linkage detection through two D203S human body pyroelectric sensors. The first sensor determines whether the driver has left the vehicle. When the driver is detected to have left, the second sensor immediately starts the detection of passengers in the vehicle; If someone is detected inside the car, the system automatically activates the environmental monitoring mode, collects real-time temperature inside the car through the DS18B20 temperature sensor, and monitors the concentration of CO ₂ inside the car through the SGP30 sensor; The OLED display screen displays real-time temperature, CO ₂ concentration, and system operating status inside the car, making it convenient for users to intuitively understand the car environment; Users can customize the safety thresholds for temperature and CO ₂ concentration by pressing buttons. When someone is detected in the car and the temperature or CO ₂ concentration exceeds the preset threshold, the system immediately triggers an audible and visual alarm, and sends an alarm message to the preset phone number through the 4G module to remind parents or relevant personnel to take rescue measures in a timely manner.
The function of the child detention alarm system in the car is to establish an integrated safety protection mechanism of “personnel detection environment monitoring automatic alarm”. Ensure the accuracy of detection through dual human body sensing to avoid false alarms; Real time monitoring of key environmental parameters inside the vehicle, and timely warning before danger arrives; The multi-channel alarm method improves the timeliness of rescue and minimizes the risk of children being stranded in vehicles. Providing reliable technical support for children’s ride safety helps improve the efficiency of parental supervision, reduce the occurrence of safety accidents, and safeguard the safety of children’s lives.
Keywords：microcontroller; Child retention; Alarm system; environmental monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 双人体检测模块电路设计
3.4 温度检测模块电路设计
3.5 CO₂检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 4G 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.6 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 人体感应联动功能测试
5.3 环境参数监测及显示功能测试
5.4 声光报警功能测试
5.5 4G 远程报警功能测试
5.6 阈值设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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