设计说明书
总字数：13000+
摘要
在城市高层住宅生活中，高空抛物行为已成为威胁公共安全的突出问题，因其隐蔽性强、追责困难，常导致人身伤害和财产损失。传统依靠监控录像事后追溯的方式存在取证滞后、覆盖不全等缺陷，难以实现实时预警和快速响应。因此，研发一种具备实时检测、精准定位、多维度报警及远程通知功能的高空抛物检测系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的高空抛物检测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过六个红外避障管分别监测 1-6 楼的抛物行为，当检测到物体坠落触发传感器时，立即启动声光报警装置发出警示；一位 OLED 显示屏实时显示抛物发生的楼层编号，便于快速定位；通过按键可手动取消声光报警，表明楼长已查看处理；借助 4G 模块将抛物楼层信息上传至手机端，同时触发手机弹窗提醒，实现远程实时通知。
该高空抛物检测系统的作用在于，构建了 “检测 – 定位 – 报警 – 通知” 的一体化安全防护体系。通过实时精准的楼层检测与多形式报警，能快速响应高空抛物事件；远程通知功能解决了人工巡查的局限性，为物业监管和安全追责提供及时依据，有效遏制高空抛物行为，提升居住环境安全性。
关键词：单片机；高空抛物检测；红外检测；声光报警；远程通知
Design of high-altitude projectile detection system
Abstract
In urban high-rise residential life, high-altitude littering has become a prominent problem threatening public safety. Due to its strong concealment and difficult accountability, it often leads to personal injury and property damage. The traditional method of relying on surveillance video for post event tracing has shortcomings such as lagging evidence collection and incomplete coverage, making it difficult to achieve real-time warning and rapid response. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a high-altitude projectile detection system with real-time detection, precise positioning, multi-dimensional alarm, and remote notification functions.
This design proposes a high-altitude parabolic detection system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: monitoring the throwing behavior on floors 1-6 through six infrared obstacle avoidance tubes, and immediately activating the sound and light alarm device to issue a warning when an object falls and triggers the sensor; An OLED display screen displays the floor number where the throwing occurred in real-time, making it easy to quickly locate; Press the key to cancel the audible and visual alarm manually, indicating that the building master has checked and processed; Upload the floor information of the projectile to the mobile phone using a 4G module, and trigger a pop-up reminder on the phone to achieve remote real-time notification.
The function of this high-altitude projectile detection system is to construct an integrated safety protection system of “detection positioning alarm notification”. Through real-time and accurate floor detection and various forms of alarms, it can quickly respond to high-altitude throwing events; The remote notification function solves the limitations of manual inspections, providing timely basis for property supervision and safety accountability, effectively curbing high-altitude littering behavior, and improving the safety of the living environment.
Keywords： microcontroller; High altitude projectile detection; Infrared detection; Sound and light alarm; Remote notification
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 红外检测模块电路设计
3.4 显示模块电路设计
3.5 声光报警模块电路设计
3.6 按键模块电路设计
3.7 4G 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 4G模块联网子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 红外检测与楼层定位功能测试
5.3 声光报警与按键取消功能测试
5.4 4G 通信与手机弹窗功能测试
5.5 系统协同功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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