设计说明书
总字数：16000+
随着水资源的日益短缺，农业灌溉领域的节水需求愈发迫切。传统的灌溉方式多依赖人工经验，存在水资源浪费严重、灌溉不精准等问题。因此，设计一种基于单片机的节水自动控制系统具有重要的现实意义，能够有效提高灌溉效率，节约水资源。
本系统以STC89C52单片机为核心，通过DS18B20传感器实时检测环境温度，为灌溉决策提供环境参考。通过液位检测模块可检测蓄水池水位，确保有水时才能灌溉，无水时则声光报警提醒，避免干涸。通过土壤湿度检测模块监测土壤湿度，当湿度低于设定的最小值时，自动启动水泵进行灌溉，直至湿度达到最大值停止，实现精准灌溉。通过按键设置土壤湿度最小值及控制灌溉开关，并通过显示屏实时显示相关数据，方便用户操作与监控。
在实物测试中，系统运行稳定可靠。温度检测精度高，土壤湿度控制精准，液位检测灵敏，声光报警功能正常。灌溉过程自动化程度高，有效节约了水资源，减少了人工干预，为农业节水灌溉提供了一种高效可行的解决方案，具有良好的应用前景。
关键词：节水；单片机；土壤湿度；灌溉；显示屏
Design of Water saving Automatic Control System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
With the increasing scarcity of water resources, the demand for water-saving in agricultural irrigation is becoming more urgent. Traditional irrigation methods rely heavily on manual experience and suffer from serious water resource waste and inaccurate irrigation. Therefore, designing a water-saving automatic control system based on a MCU has important practical significance, which can effectively improve irrigation efficiency and save water resources.
This system is based on STC89C52 MCU and uses DS18B20 sensor to detect the environmental temperature in real time, providing environmental reference for irrigation decision-making. The liquid level detection module can detect the water level of the reservoir, ensuring that irrigation can only be carried out when there is water, and sound and light alarms can be triggered when there is no water to prevent drying up. By monitoring soil moisture through the soil moisture detection module, when the humidity is below the set minimum value, the water pump is automatically started for irrigation until the humidity reaches the maximum value and stops, achieving precise irrigation. Set the minimum soil moisture value and control the irrigation switch through buttons, and display relevant data in real time through the screen, making it convenient for users to operate and monitor.
In physical testing, the system runs stably and reliably. High temperature detection accuracy, precise soil moisture control, sensitive liquid level detection, and normal sound and light alarm function. The high degree of automation in the irrigation process effectively saves water resources and reduces manual intervention, providing an efficient and feasible solution for agricultural water-saving irrigation with good application prospects.
Keywords: Water conservation; singlechip; Soil moisture; Irrigation; display
目 录
摘要
Abstract
1 引言
1.1 研究背景和意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.2.1 国外研究现状
1.2.2 国内研究现状
1.3 设计的主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1 系统需求设计
2.2 系统总体设计
2.3 系统总体概述
2.3.1 控制对象
2.3.2 控制工具
2.3.3 控制任务分析
2.3.4 控制流程设计
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 系统主要模块的论证
3.1.1 单片机
3.1.2 温度传感器方案选择
3.1.3 土壤湿度传感器方案选择
3.1.4 显示模块方案选择
3.2 系统硬件电路设计
3.2.1 单片机最小系统
3.2.2 温度检测电路设计
3.2.3 土壤湿度检测模块电路设计
3.2.4 液位检测模块电路设计
3.2.5 按键模块电路设计
3.2.6 显示模块电路设计
3.2.7 声光报警模块电路设计
3.2.8 继电器控制模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温度检测模块子流程
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 显示模块子流程设计
5 实物测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 系统功能测试
总结
参考文献
致 谢
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