设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
在河流防汛工作中，实时、准确地掌握水位、降雨量等信息对保障人民生命财产安全至关重要。传统的河流防汛监控方式多依赖人工巡查和简易设备测量，不仅耗时费力，还存在数据滞后、预警不及时等问题，难以满足现代化防汛工作对高效、精准的需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的河流防汛监控系统，整合了 HC-SR04 超声波监测模块、YS 雨量监测模块、康帕斯 A9 摄像头模块、3 个独立按键、OLED 显示屏、ESP8266WiFi 模块及声光报警设备等，实现了河流防汛的自动化监测与智能预警。系统核心功能包括：通过 HC-SR04 超声波监测模块实时监测河流水位，当水位过高或过低时触发声光报警；通过 YS 雨量监测模块监测降雨量，降雨量大于最大值时进行声光报警提醒；借助康帕斯 A9 摄像头模块将当前河流画面远程传输到手机端；支持通过 3 个独立按键设置河流的总高度、水位最大值和最小值、降雨量最大值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时显示当前监测的水位、降雨量等参数；利用 ESP8266WiFi 模块将监测数据上传到手机端，手机可远程设置参数，参数异常时进行手机弹窗提醒。
该系统的实现，有效提升了河流防汛监控的自动化与智能化水平，减少了人工干预，确保了监测数据的及时性和预警的准确性，为河流防汛工作提供了高效、可靠的解决方案，同时为同类防汛监控设备的研发提供了参考，具有较高的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；河流防汛；监控系统；传感器；智能预警；WiFi 通信
ABSTRACT
In river flood control work, real-time and accurate grasp of water level, rainfall and other information is crucial for ensuring the safety of people’s lives and property. Traditional river flood control monitoring methods mostly rely on manual inspections and simple equipment measurements, which are not only time-consuming and labor-intensive, but also have problems such as data lag and untimely early warning, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern flood control work for efficiency and accuracy.
The river flood control monitoring system based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller integrates HC-SR04 ultrasonic monitoring module, YS rainfall monitoring module, Compass A9 camera module, 3 independent buttons, OLED display, ESP8266WiFi module and sound and light alarm equipment, etc., realizing automatic monitoring and intelligent early warning of river flood control. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of river water level through HC-SR04 ultrasonic monitoring module, triggering sound and light alarm when the water level is too high or too low; monitoring rainfall through YS rainfall monitoring module, giving sound and light alarm reminder when rainfall is greater than the maximum value; remotely transmitting the current river 画面 to the mobile phone through Compass A9 camera module; supporting the setting of total river height, maximum and minimum water levels, and maximum rainfall through 3 independent buttons; real-time display of currently monitored parameters such as water level and rainfall through OLED display; uploading monitoring data to the mobile phone through ESP8266WiFi module, which can remotely set parameters and give mobile phone pop-up reminders when parameters are abnormal.
The implementation of this system effectively improves the automation and intelligence level of river flood control monitoring, reduces manual intervention, ensures the timeliness of monitoring data and the accuracy of early warning, provides an efficient and reliable solution for river flood control work, and also offers a reference for the research and development of similar flood control monitoring equipment, with high practical application value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6; River flood control; Monitoring system; Sensor; Intelligent early warning; WiFi communication
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 水位监测模块选择
2.1.3 雨量监测模块选择
2.1.4 摄像头模块选择
2.1.5 按键模块选择
2.1.6 显示模块选择
2.1.7 WiFi 模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 水位监测模块电路
3.3 雨量监测模块电路
3.4 摄像头模块电路
3.5 显示模块电路
3.6 WiFi 模块电路
3.7 按键模块电路
3.8 声光报警电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 超声波检测模块子流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 水位监测模块功能测试
5.3 雨量监测模块功能测试
5.4 摄像头模块功能测试
5.5 WiFi 模块功能测试
5.6 声光报警电路功能测试
5.7 按键设置与显示功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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