设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
在现代家庭厨房生活中，油烟及环境安全的高效管控对提升烹饪体验、保障居住健康具有关键作用。传统油烟机多依赖人工启停，存在响应滞后、转速调节不精准等问题，且缺乏对厨房温度异常、光照不足等场景的智能应对能力，难以满足智能化家居生活的需求。
基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能油烟机系统，整合了 MQ-2 烟雾传感器、DS18B20 温度传感器、D203S 人体热释电感应模块、5516 光敏电阻、MX1508 电机驱动模块、LCD1602 显示屏、声光报警装置、照明设备及 3 个独立按键，实现了厨房环境的智能化监测与多设备协同控制。系统核心功能包括：通过 MQ-2 传感器实时检测烟雾浓度，当浓度低于最小阈值时风扇停止工作，处于上下限阈值之间时风扇低速运转，高于最大阈值时风扇高速运行；借助 DS18B20 监测厨房温度，一旦超过设定最大阈值，立即触发声光报警；利用 D203S 模块检测人体活动，结合 5516 光敏电阻的光照数据，当有人且光照值低于最小值时自动开启照明；通过 MX1508 模块采用 PWM 技术精准调控风扇转速；支持通过 3 个独立按键完成各参数阈值设置、手动调节风扇转速、切换运行模式及控制照明开关；通过 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示烟雾浓度、温度、光照值等监测数据及设备运行状态。
该系统的实现，显著提升了油烟机的智能化与自动化水平，减少了人工操作干预，有效保障了厨房环境的安全与舒适，为现代智能家居厨房设备的升级提供了实用解决方案，具有一定的推广应用价值。
关键词：STC89C52；智能油烟机；传感器；自动控制；PWM 调速；家居安全
ABSTRACT
In modern home kitchen life, efficient management and control of oil fumes and environmental safety play a crucial role in improving cooking experience and ensuring living health. Traditional range hoods mostly rely on manual start and stop, with problems such as delayed response and inaccurate speed regulation, and lack intelligent response to scenarios such as abnormal kitchen temperature and insufficient lighting, making it difficult to meet the needs of intelligent home life.
The intelligent range hood system based on STC89C52 single-chip microcomputer integrates MQ-2 smoke sensor, DS18B20 temperature sensor, D203S human pyroelectric induction module, 5516 photoresistor, MX1508 motor driver module, LCD1602 display, sound and light alarm device, lighting equipment and 3 independent buttons, realizing intelligent monitoring of kitchen environment and coordinated control of multiple devices. The core functions of the system include: real-time detection of smoke concentration through MQ-2 sensor, when the concentration is lower than the minimum threshold, the fan stops working; when it is between the upper and lower threshold, the fan runs at low speed; when it is higher than the maximum threshold, the fan runs at high speed; monitoring kitchen temperature with DS18B20, once exceeding the set maximum threshold, sound and light alarm is triggered immediately; using D203S module to detect human activities, combined with the light data of 5516 photoresistor, automatically turn on the lighting when there is a person and the light value is lower than the minimum value; precise control of fan speed through PWM technology via MX1508 module; supporting the setting of various parameter thresholds, manual adjustment of fan speed, switching of operation modes and control of lighting on/off through 3 independent buttons; real-time display of monitoring data such as smoke concentration, temperature, light value and equipment operation status through LCD1602 display.
The implementation of this system significantly improves the intelligence and automation level of the range hood, reduces manual operation intervention, effectively ensures the safety and comfort of the kitchen environment, provides a practical solution for the upgrading of modern smart home kitchen equipment, and has certain promotion and application value.Keywords: STC89C52; Intelligent range hood; Sensor; Automatic control; PWM speed regulation; Home safety
目录
第 1 章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 烟雾传感器选择
2.1.3 温度传感器选择
2.1.4 人体感应模块选择
2.1.5 光照检测模块选择
2.1.6 电机驱动模块选择
2.1.7 按键模块选择
2.1.8 显示模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 烟雾传感器电路
3.3 温度传感器电路
3.4 人体感应模块电路
3.5 光照检测模块电路
3.6 电机驱动模块电路
3.7 显示模块电路
3.8 按键模块电路
3.9 声光报警及照明电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 温度检测模块子流程
4.6 LCD1602液晶显示子流程
4.7 直流电机-L298N驱动模块子流程
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 烟雾传感器功能测试
5.3 温度传感器功能测试
5.4 人体感应与光照检测模块联合功能测试
5.5 电机驱动模块功能测试
5.6 显示模块功能测试
5.7 按键模块功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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