设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
随着汽车普及率的提升，车内环境安全问题日益凸显。驾驶员离开后车内滞留人员的安全保障、环境参数异常等情况若不能及时监测和干预，可能引发安全隐患。因此，研发一种能实时监测车内状态并自动响应的智能系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的车内环境监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过红外避障检测模块判断驾驶员是否离开及车内是否有人；借助 DS18B20 温度检测模块监测环境温度，当车上锁、驾驶员离开且车内有人，且温度超过最大值时，自动启动风扇（继电器控制）并通过 4G 模块发送短信；通过 SGP30 模块检测 CO₂浓度，在上述场景下若 CO₂浓度超标，自动控制步进电机打开窗户并发送短信；通过声音检测（模拟量）模块监测车内分贝，超标时触发 4G 短信报警；用户可通过按键切换界面、设置温度、CO₂浓度及分贝的最大值，还能控制车上锁（继电器）；OLED 显示屏实时显示各项测量数据。
该系统的作用在于构建了 “状态感知 – 智能判断 – 自动响应” 的车内安全监测体系。通过多维度环境参数监测与逻辑判断，在驾驶员离开后为车内滞留人员提供安全保障；多样化的按键操作提升了系统的交互便捷性；实时数据显示与远程报警功能增强了安全性与可控性。为车内环境安全监测提供了可靠、智能的解决方案，助力提升汽车使用的安全性与舒适性。
关键词：STM32；车内环境监测；安全预警；多参数检测
Design of Vehicle Interior Environment Monitoring System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the increasing popularity of automobiles, safety issues in the in car environment are becoming increasingly prominent. If the safety protection and abnormal environmental parameters of the stranded personnel in the vehicle after the driver leaves cannot be monitored and intervened in a timely manner, it may cause safety hazards. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop an intelligent system that can monitor the status inside the car in real time and respond automatically.
This design proposes a car interior environment monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: using an infrared obstacle avoidance detection module to determine whether the driver has left and whether there are people in the car; By using the DS18B20 temperature detection module to monitor the ambient temperature, when the car is locked, the driver leaves, and there are people inside the car, and the temperature exceeds the maximum value, the fan will automatically start (relay control) and send a text message through the 4G module; Detect CO ₂ concentration through SGP30 module. In the above scenario, if the CO ₂ concentration exceeds the standard, automatically control the stepper motor to open the window and send a text message; Monitor the decibel level inside the car through a sound detection (analog) module, and trigger a 4G SMS alarm when it exceeds the standard; Users can switch interfaces, set temperature, CO ₂ concentration, and maximum decibel values through buttons, and also control car locking (relay); The OLED display screen displays various measurement data in real-time.
The function of this system is to construct an in car safety monitoring system that combines state perception, intelligent judgment, and automatic response. By monitoring multi-dimensional environmental parameters and making logical judgments, provide safety guarantees for stranded personnel in the vehicle after the driver leaves; Diversified button operations enhance the system’s interactive convenience; Real time data display and remote alarm functions enhance security and controllability. Provided a reliable and intelligent solution for monitoring the safety of the in car environment, helping to improve the safety and comfort of car use.
Keywords： STM32; Vehicle interior environment monitoring; Safety warning; multi-parameter test
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 红外避障检测模块电路设计
3.4 温度检测模块电路设计
3.5 CO₂检测模块电路设计
3.6 声音检测模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 继电器模块电路设计
3.10 步进电机驱动模块电路设计
3.11 4G 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.7 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.8 4G模块联网子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 人员状态检测功能测试
5.3 环境参数监测及显示功能测试
5.4 异常响应与报警功能测试
5.5 按键控制与参数设置功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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