设计说明书
总字数：13000+
摘要
随着城市化进程的加快和汽车保有量的激增，停车场的高效管理与车位精准调度成为提升交通效率、改善用户体验的关键环节。传统停车场依赖人工引导或单一标识，存在车位信息滞后、调度效率低下、资源浪费等问题，难以满足现代停车场的智能化管理需求。
基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的智能停车场设计，通过从机与主机的协同工作实现车位监测与车辆引导的自动化。从机部分：部署四个 BZ 红外避障管，分别对应左右两侧各两个车位，实时检测车位占用状态，并通过 ZigBee 模块将车位数据无线传输至主机端，确保信息的实时性与准确性。主机部分：通过 ZigBee 模块接收从机发送的车位信息，结合 E18-D80NK 光电检测模块判断是否有车辆进入停车场；利用 MAX7219 8*8 点阵显示屏进行动态指引 —— 当有车辆进入时，优先显示向右箭头指引至右侧车位，若右侧车位已满则指向左侧，两侧均满时显示 “X”，无车辆进入时不显示，实现车位资源的高效调度。
该系统的应用，有效提升了停车场的管理效率，减少了车辆寻位时间，优化了车位资源利用率，为中小型停车场的智能化升级提供了低成本、高可靠性的解决方案，同时为同类智能停车设备的研发提供了参考，具有较强的实际应用价值。
关键词：STM32F103C8T6；智能停车场；车位检测；ZigBee 通信；车辆引导
ABSTRACT
With the acceleration of urbanization and the surge in car ownership, efficient management of parking lots and precise scheduling of parking spaces have become key links in improving traffic efficiency and user experience. Traditional parking lots rely on manual guidance or single signs, which suffer from problems such as lagging parking space information, low scheduling efficiency, and resource waste, making it difficult to meet the needs of intelligent management of modern parking lots.
The intelligent parking lot design based on the STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller realizes the automation of parking space monitoring and vehicle guidance through the cooperation of slave and master machines. Slave machine part: four BZ infrared obstacle avoidance tubes are deployed, corresponding to two parking spaces on each of the left and right sides, which real-time detect the occupancy status of parking spaces, and wirelessly transmit the parking space data to the master machine through the ZigBee module to ensure the real-time and accuracy of the information. Master machine part: receive the parking space information sent by the slave through the ZigBee module, and judge whether there is a vehicle entering the parking lot in combination with the E18-D80NK photoelectric detection module; use the MAX7219 8*8 dot matrix display for dynamic guidance – when a vehicle enters, it 优先 displays a right arrow to guide to the right parking space, if the right parking spaces are full, it points to the left, displays “X” when both sides are full, and does not display when no vehicle enters, so as to realize efficient scheduling of parking space resources.
The application of this system effectively improves the management efficiency of the parking lot, reduces the time for vehicles to find parking spaces, optimizes the utilization rate of parking space resources, provides a low-cost and high-reliability solution for the intelligent upgrading of small and medium-sized parking lots, and also provides a reference for the research and development of similar intelligent parking equipment, with strong practical application value.
Keywords: STM32F103C8T6; Intelligent parking lot; Parking space detection; ZigBee communication; Vehicle guidance
目录
第1章 绪论
1.1 研究的目的及意义
1.2 国内外发展情况
1.3 本文主要研究内容
第2章 设计思路与方案论证
2.1 主要元器件选择
2.1.1 主控芯片选择
2.1.2 红外避障管选择
2.1.3 无线通信模块选择
2.1.4 光电检测模块选择
2.1.5 显示模块选择
2.2整体设计方案
第 3 章 硬件设计
3.1 主控电路模块
3.2 红外避障管电路
3.3 光电检测模块电路
3.4 无线通信模块电路
3.5 显示模块电路
第4章 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 点阵屏子流程设计
4.4 定时器子流程设计
4.5 zigbee模块子流程设计
第 5 章 实物测试
5.1 整体实物测试
5.2 红外避障管功能测试
5.3 光电检测模块功能测试
5.4 无线通信模块功能测试
5.5 显示模块功能测试
第 6 章 总结与展望
6.1 总结
6.2 展望
致谢
参考文献
附录
附录一：原理图
附录二：PCB
附录三：主程序
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