设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着信息化时代的快速发展，机房基站作为通信与数据存储的核心枢纽，其运行环境的稳定性与安全性直接影响通信网络的可靠运行。机房内温湿度异常、烟雾火灾、电力故障及非法入侵等问题，若不能及时监测和处理，可能导致设备宕机、数据丢失甚至引发安全事故，造成严重的经济损失。因此，研发一种能实时、全面监测机房环境并实现智能预警的系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的机房基站环境监控系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 传感器监测环境温湿度，温度低于最小值时自动启动加热，高于最大值时停止加热；借助 MQ-2 传感器检测烟雾浓度，浓度超限时触发灭火继电器动作，浓度恢复后自动关闭；通过 INA219 模块监测电压电流，超限时通过继电器断开电路；利用 D203S 人体传感器检测非法入侵，监测到人时驱动步进电机关闭门并触发声光报警；通过 RFID-RC522 模块实现刷卡开锁，开锁后解除报警状态；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示各项监测数据；用户可通过独立按键设置温湿度、烟雾、电压电流的阈值并控制继电器开关；同时，系统通过 ESP8266-WiFi 模块将数据上传至手机端，支持远程设置阈值与控制设备。
该系统的作用在于，为机房基站提供了一体化的环境监控与安全防护方案。通过实时监测、智能控制与远程管理，能够及时发现并处置环境异常与安全隐患，保障设备稳定运行，降低运维成本，提升机房管理的智能化水平。
关键词：单片机；机房监控；环境监测；安全防护；物联网
Computer room base station environment monitoring system
Abstract
With the rapid development of the information age, as the core hub of communication and data storage, the stability and security of the operating environment of the computer room base station directly affect the reliable operation of the communication network. If problems such as abnormal temperature and humidity, smoke and fire, power failure, and illegal intrusion in the computer room cannot be monitored and dealt with in a timely manner, it may lead to equipment downtime, data loss, and even security accidents, causing serious economic losses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that can monitor the computer room environment in real time and comprehensively, and achieve intelligent warning.
This design proposes a computer room base station environment monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: monitoring environmental temperature and humidity through DHT11 sensors, automatically starting heating when the temperature is below the minimum value, and stopping heating when it is above the maximum value; Using MQ-2 sensors to detect smoke concentration, triggering the fire extinguishing relay when the concentration exceeds the limit, and automatically shutting down after the concentration is restored; Monitor voltage and current through INA219 module, and disconnect the circuit through relay when exceeding the limit; Using D203S human body sensor to detect illegal intrusion, driving the stepper motor to close the door and triggering an audible and visual alarm when a person is detected; Realize card swiping and unlocking through the RFID-RC522 module, and release the alarm state after unlocking; Real time display of various monitoring data through OLED display screen; Users can set temperature and humidity, smoke, voltage and current thresholds, and control relay switches through independent buttons; At the same time, the system uploads data to the mobile phone through the ESP8266 WiFi module, supporting remote threshold setting and device control.
The function of this system is to provide an integrated environmental monitoring and security protection solution for the data center base station. Through real-time monitoring, intelligent control, and remote management, environmental anomalies and safety hazards can be detected and addressed in a timely manner, ensuring stable equipment operation, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and enhancing the intelligence level of data center management.
Keywords：microcontroller; Computer room monitoring; Environmental monitoring; Security protection; Internet of Things
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 烟雾检测模块电路设计
3.5 电压电流检测模块电路设计
3.6 人体感应模块电路设计
3.7 RFID 刷卡模块电路设计
3.8 显示模块电路设计
3.9 按键模块电路设计
3.10 继电器控制模块电路设计
3.11 声光报警模块电路设计
3.12 步进电机驱动模块电路设计
3.13 WIFI 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 RFID模块子流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度监测与加热控制功能测试
5.3 烟雾监测与灭火控制功能测试
5.4 电压电流监测与电路保护功能测试
5.5 人体感应与门禁安防功能测试
5.6 显示与交互功能测试
5.7 无线通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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