设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着水资源保护意识的提升和智慧水务理念的普及，水质与水位的实时监测成为保障用水安全的重要环节。无论是家庭用水、农业灌溉还是小型供水场景，水质异常（如溶解物超标、浑浊度升高、PH 值失衡）和水位异常若不能及时发现和处理，可能影响用水安全，甚至引发环境问题。因此，研发一种能全面、实时监测水位水质并实现远程预警的系统十分必要。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的水位水质实时采集与远程监控系统。系统主要功能包括：通过防水式 DS18B20 模块检测水温；借助 TDS 检测模块获取水中溶解物值，超标时触发声光报警与手机弹窗提醒；通过 TSW-30 浑浊度检测模块监测浑浊度，超标时启动声光报警与手机弹窗；利用 PH4502C 模块检测 PH 值，偏离设定范围时触发双重警示；通过 HC-R04 超声波模块检测水位，距离过小时发出声光报警与手机提醒；用户可通过按键设置溶解物、浑浊度、水位的最大值及 PH 值上下限；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示各项监测数据；集成 ESP8266 WIFI 模块，将数据上传至手机端，支持远程查看数据与参数设置。
该系统的作用在于，为水资源监测提供了全方位、智能化的解决方案。通过多参数同步监测，实现水质与水位的全面把控；本地声光报警与远程手机弹窗结合，确保异常情况及时被察觉；按键与手机远程设置参数的双重交互方式，提升了系统的灵活性与易用性；OLED 实时显示让数据可视化，便于用户直观掌握水质水位状态。整体设计为保障用水安全、实现精细化水资源管理提供了可靠支持。
关键词：单片机；水位监测；水质监测；远程监控；多参数检测
Design of Real time Water Level and Quality Collection and Remote Monitoring System
Abstract
With the increasing awareness of water resource protection and the popularization of smart water management concepts, real-time monitoring of water quality and level has become an important link in ensuring water safety. Whether it is household water use, agricultural irrigation, or small-scale water supply scenarios, if water quality abnormalities (such as excessive dissolved substances, increased turbidity, and pH imbalance) and water level abnormalities are not detected and treated in a timely manner, they may affect water safety and even cause environmental problems. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that can comprehensively and real-time monitor water level and quality, and achieve remote warning.
This design proposes a real-time water level and quality acquisition and remote monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting water temperature through the waterproof DS18B20 module; Using TDS detection module to obtain dissolved substance values in water, triggering sound and light alarms and mobile pop-up reminders when exceeding the standard; Monitor turbidity through TSW-30 turbidity detection module, activate sound and light alarm and mobile pop-up window when exceeding the standard; Use PH4502C module to detect pH value and trigger dual warnings when deviating from the set range; Detect water level through HC-R04 ultrasonic module, and issue sound and light alarms and mobile phone reminders when the distance is too small; Users can set the maximum values and upper and lower limits of dissolved substances, turbidity, water level, and pH value through buttons; Real time display of various monitoring data through OLED display screen; Integrate ESP8266 WIFI module, upload data to mobile phone, support remote viewing of data and parameter settings.
The function of this system is to provide a comprehensive and intelligent solution for water resource monitoring. By synchronously monitoring multiple parameters, comprehensive control of water quality and level can be achieved; Combining local sound and light alarms with remote mobile phone pop ups to ensure timely detection of abnormal situations; The dual interaction between buttons and remote parameter settings on the phone enhances the flexibility and usability of the system; OLED real-time display enables data visualization, making it easy for users to intuitively grasp the water quality and level status. The overall design provides reliable support for ensuring water safety and achieving refined water resource management.
Keywords：microcontroller; Water level monitoring; Water quality monitoring; Remote monitoring; multi-parameter test
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 水温检测模块电路设计
3.4 TDS 溶解物检测模块电路设计
3.5 浑浊度检测模块电路设计
3.6 PH 值检测模块电路设计
3.7 水位检测模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 显示模块电路设计
3.10 声光报警模块电路设计
3.11 无线通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 温度检测模块子流程设计
4.7 超声波检测模块子流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数检测及显示功能测试
5.3 异常报警功能测试
5.4 参数设置功能测试
5.5 无线通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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