设计说明书
总字数：17000+
摘要
随着人口老龄化加剧，独居老人的安全监护成为社会关注的重要问题。老人在日常生活中可能面临心率血氧异常、意外跌倒、环境烟雾等安全风险，若不能及时发现和干预，可能引发严重后果。因此，研发一种能全面监测老人身体状态与居住环境、实现远程预警的监护系统十分必要。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的 ZigBee 老人安全监护系统，分为从机与主机两部分。从机功能包括：通过 MAX30102 心率血氧检测模块实时监测老人心率与血氧值，超出阈值时立即触发声光报警；借助 MQ-2 烟雾检测模块采集环境烟雾浓度；通过 MPU6050 传感器判断老人是否跌倒，检测到跌倒后启动声光报警；所有检测数据通过 ZigBee 模块传输至主机。主机功能包括：通过 ZigBee 模块接收从机数据；支持按键设置心率血氧阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示心率、血氧、烟雾浓度及跌倒状态；集成 WiFi 模块将数据上传至监护人员手机端，手机端可远程设置心率血氧阈值。
该系统的作用在于，为老人安全监护提供了全方位、智能化的解决方案。从机实现身体参数与环境风险的本地监测及异常报警，主机通过 ZigBee 与 WiFi 构建 “本地 – 远程” 双重数据传输链路，确保监护人员实时掌握老人状态。按键与手机端双重阈值设置方式提升了系统灵活性，OLED 直观显示便于本地查看。整体设计为独居老人构建了安全防护网，助力及时发现风险并采取措施，保障老人生命安全。
关键词：ZigBee；老人监护；STM32；心率血氧监测；跌倒检测
Design and Implementation of Elderly Safety Monitoring System Based on ZigBee
Abstract
With the intensification of population aging, the safety supervision of elderly people living alone has become an important issue of social concern. Elderly people may face safety risks such as abnormal heart rate and blood oxygen, accidental falls, and environmental smoke in their daily lives. If not detected and intervened in a timely manner, it may lead to serious consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a monitoring system that can comprehensively monitor the physical condition and living environment of the elderly, and achieve remote warning.
This design proposes a ZigBee elderly safety monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller, which is divided into two parts: slave and host. The slave functions include: real-time monitoring of the elderly’s heart rate and blood oxygen values through the MAX30102 heart rate and blood oxygen detection module, and triggering an audible and visual alarm immediately when the threshold is exceeded; Collect environmental smoke concentration using MQ-2 smoke detection module; Use the MPU6050 sensor to determine if the elderly person has fallen, and activate the sound and light alarm when a fall is detected; All detection data is transmitted to the host through the ZigBee module. The host functions include: receiving slave data through ZigBee module; Support button setting of heart rate and blood oxygen thresholds; Real time display of heart rate, blood oxygen, smoke concentration, and fall status through OLED display screen; The integrated WiFi module uploads data to the monitoring personnel’s mobile phone, which can remotely set heart rate and blood oxygen thresholds.
The function of this system is to provide a comprehensive and intelligent solution for elderly safety monitoring. The slave realizes local monitoring and abnormal alarm of body parameters and environmental risks, and the host constructs a “local remote” dual data transmission link through ZigBee and WiFi to ensure that the monitoring personnel can grasp the real-time status of the elderly. The dual threshold setting method of buttons and mobile phone enhances system flexibility, and the OLED display is intuitive for local viewing. The overall design builds a safety net for elderly people living alone, helping to detect risks in a timely manner and take measures to ensure their safety.
Keywords：ZigBee; Elderly guardianship; STM32； Heart rate and blood oxygen monitoring; fall detection
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 从机监测模块电路设计
3.4 主机交互模块电路设计
3.5 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 zigbee模块子流程设计
4.6 心率血氧模块子流程设计
4.7 MPU6050模块子流程设计
4.8 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 从机多参数监测及报警功能测试
5.3 ZigBee 数据传输功能测试
5.4 主机交互及远程通信功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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