设计说明书
总字数：14000+
摘要
随着生鲜产业的发展，果蔬存储环境的安全性与稳定性成为保障果蔬品质的关键。果蔬存储过程中，火灾、有害气体超标、烟雾聚集及有害动物入侵等问题若不能及时发现和处理，可能导致果蔬腐烂变质、财产损失甚至安全事故。因此，研发一种能全面监测存储环境并实现自动防控的系统十分必要。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的果蔬存储测控系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 YS-17 火焰检测模块监测火灾隐患，发生火灾时触发声光报警并自动开启水泵灭火；借助 MQ-135 模块检测有害气体浓度，超标时启动声光报警与风扇通风；通过 MQ-2 模块监测烟雾浓度，超标时触发声光报警并开启风扇排烟；利用 D203S 红外热释电感应模块检测有害动物，发现入侵时发出声光报警；用户可通过按键自定义各参数阈值；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示各项监测数据。
该系统的作用在于，为果蔬存储提供了智能化的环境测控解决方案。通过多维度环境监测，实现火灾、气体污染、烟雾及有害动物的全面防控；自动响应机制能在异常发生时快速采取措施，降低损失风险；本地按键设置与 OLED 数据显示相结合，提升了系统的操作便捷性与状态可视化程度。整体设计为保障果蔬存储安全、延长保鲜周期提供了可靠支持。
关键词：单片机；果蔬存储；环境监测；自动防控；多模块协同
Design of Fruit and Vegetable Storage Measurement and Control System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the development of the fresh food industry, the safety and stability of the storage environment for fruits and vegetables have become the key to ensuring their quality. During the storage process of fruits and vegetables, if problems such as fires, excessive harmful gases, smoke accumulation, and invasion of harmful animals are not detected and dealt with in a timely manner, it may lead to fruit and vegetable decay, property damage, and even safety accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system that can comprehensively monitor the storage environment and achieve automatic prevention and control.
This design proposes a fruit and vegetable storage measurement and control system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: monitoring fire hazards through the YS-17 flame detection module, triggering sound and light alarms when a fire occurs, and automatically turning on the water pump to extinguish the fire; Using MQ-135 module to detect harmful gas concentration, activate sound and light alarm and fan ventilation when exceeding the standard; Monitor smoke concentration through MQ-2 module, trigger sound and light alarm and turn on fan for smoke exhaust when exceeding the standard; Using D203S infrared pyroelectric induction module to detect harmful animals and issuing sound and light alarms when intrusion is detected; Users can customize the threshold values for various parameters by pressing the keys; Real time display of various monitoring data through OLED display screen.
The function of this system is to provide an intelligent environmental measurement and control solution for fruit and vegetable storage. Through multi-dimensional environmental monitoring, achieve comprehensive prevention and control of fires, gas pollution, smoke, and harmful animals; The automatic response mechanism can quickly take measures when abnormalities occur, reducing the risk of losses; The combination of local button settings and OLED data display enhances the system’s operational convenience and status visualization. The overall design provides reliable support for ensuring the safety of fruit and vegetable storage and extending the freshness period.
Keywords： microcontroller; Fruit and vegetable storage; Environmental monitoring; Automatic prevention and control; Multi module collaboration
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 火灾检测模块电路设计
3.4 有害气体检测模块电路设计
3.5 烟雾检测模块电路设计
3.6 有害动物检测模块电路设计
3.7 执行控制模块电路设计
3.8 显示模块电路设计
3.9 按键模块电路设计
3.10 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 火灾检测与灭火功能测试
5.3 有害气体检测与通风功能测试
5.4 烟雾检测与通风功能测试
5.5 有害动物检测与报警功能测试
5.6 参数设置与显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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