设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
随着生活水平的提升和健康意识的增强，室内空气质量监测成为保障家庭健康的重要环节。室内温湿度失衡、甲醛超标、CO₂及 TVOC 浓度过高等问题，若不能及时发现和干预，可能引发呼吸道不适、过敏等健康隐患，尤其对老人、儿童等敏感人群影响显著。因此，研发一种能全面、便捷监测室内空气质量的设备具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的家用空气质量检测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 DHT11 传感器检测环境温湿度，温湿度超标时自动启动通风设备；借助 MS1100 传感器监测甲醛浓度，超标时同步开启通风与净化设备；通过 SGP30 传感器采集 CO₂和 TVOC 数据，超标时触发通风与净化联动；用户可通过按键设置各类参数阈值及设备开关状态；OLED 显示屏实时展示温湿度、甲醛、CO₂及 TVOC 测量值；通过 ESP8266-WiFi 模块实现数据上传手机端，支持远程参数设置与设备控制。
该系统的作用在于，为家庭提供全方位的空气质量监测与智能调控方案。通过实时监测、自动干预及远程控制，帮助用户及时改善室内环境质量，减少空气污染对健康的影响，为居家健康生活提供可靠保障。
关键词：单片机；家用空气质量检测；传感器；智能调控；远程监测
Household air quality testing system
Abstract
With the improvement of living standards and the enhancement of health awareness, indoor air quality monitoring has become an important part of ensuring family health. If problems such as imbalanced indoor temperature and humidity, excessive formaldehyde, and high concentrations of CO ₂ and TVOC are not detected and intervened in a timely manner, they may cause respiratory discomfort, allergies, and other health hazards, especially affecting sensitive populations such as the elderly and children. Therefore, developing a device that can comprehensively and conveniently monitor indoor air quality is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a household air quality detection system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting environmental temperature and humidity through DHT11 sensors, and automatically starting ventilation equipment when the temperature and humidity exceed the standard; Monitor formaldehyde concentration with MS1100 sensor, and synchronously turn on ventilation and purification equipment when exceeding the standard; Collect CO ₂ and TVOC data through SGP30 sensor, and trigger ventilation and purification linkage when exceeding the standard; Users can set various parameter thresholds and device switch states through buttons; OLED display screen displays real-time temperature and humidity, formaldehyde, CO ₂, and TVOC measurement values; Implementing data upload to mobile devices through ESP8266 WiFi module, supporting remote parameter settings and device control.
The function of this system is to provide comprehensive air quality monitoring and intelligent control solutions for households. By real-time monitoring, automatic intervention, and remote control, we help users improve indoor environmental quality in a timely manner, reduce the impact of air pollution on health, and provide reliable guarantees for healthy living at home.
Keywords： microcontroller; Household air quality testing; Sensors; Intelligent regulation; Remote Monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 甲醛检测模块电路设计
3.5 多气体检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 执行控制模块电路设计
3.9 通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.6 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.7 WiFi模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数采集与显示功能测试
5.3 自动控制功能测试
5.4 手动交互与阈值设置功能测试
5.5 无线数据传输与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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