设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着城市化进程加快和室内装修的普及，室内空气质量问题日益凸显，天然气、一氧化碳、甲醛等有毒有害气体及粉尘污染已成为威胁人体健康的隐形杀手。长期暴露于超标环境中，可能引发呼吸系统疾病、中毒等严重健康问题，因此，研发一种能实时、准确监测多种室内污染物的设备具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的室内有毒有害气体监测系统。系统主要功能包括：通过 MQ-5 传感器检测天然气或煤气浓度，超过预设最大值时触发声光报警并通过继电器开启风扇；借助 MQ-7 传感器检测一氧化碳值，超标时启动声光报警与风扇排风；通过 MS1100 传感器检测甲醛浓度，超标后触发警示并开启风扇；利用 MQ-135 传感器检测甲苯值，超标时启动声光报警与风扇；通过 SGP30 传感器检测 TVOC 及二氧化碳值，超标后触发相应警示与排风动作；借助 GP2Y1014AU 传感器监测粉尘浓度，超标时启动声光报警与风扇；支持通过按键设置各污染物上限值、手动控制风扇、切换工作模式及显示界面；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示各项检测数据，并根据污染程度显示 “优、良、轻度污染、中度污染、重度污染” 的空气质量等级。
该室内有毒有害气体监测系统的作用在于，为用户提供了全方位的室内空气质量监测与防护方案。通过实时监测多种污染物并及时报警排风，能够有效降低室内污染风险，保障居住环境安全，为健康生活提供可靠保障。
关键词：单片机；室内监测；有毒有害气体；传感器；空气质量
Design of Indoor Toxic and Harmful Gas Monitoring Based on STM32
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization and the popularization of indoor decoration, indoor air quality issues have become increasingly prominent. Toxic and harmful gases such as natural gas, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and dust pollution have become invisible killers that threaten human health. Long term exposure to excessive environments may cause serious health problems such as respiratory diseases and poisoning. Therefore, developing a device that can monitor various indoor pollutants in real time and accurately is of great practical significance.
This design proposes an indoor toxic and harmful gas monitoring system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: detecting the concentration of natural gas or coal gas through MQ-5 sensors, triggering an audible and visual alarm when it exceeds the preset maximum value, and turning on the fan through a relay; Using MQ-7 sensor to detect carbon monoxide value, activate sound and light alarm and fan exhaust when exceeding the standard; Detecting formaldehyde concentration through MS1100 sensor, triggering a warning and turning on the fan after exceeding the standard; Using MQ-135 sensor to detect toluene value, activate sound and light alarm and fan when exceeding the standard; Detecting TVOC and carbon dioxide values through SGP30 sensors, triggering corresponding warnings and exhaust actions when exceeding the standard; Monitor dust concentration with GP2Y1014AU sensor, activate sound and light alarm and fan when exceeding the standard; Support setting upper limits of various pollutants through buttons, manually controlling fans, switching working modes, and displaying interfaces; Real time display of various detection data through OLED display screen, and display the air quality levels of “excellent, good, mild pollution, moderate pollution, and severe pollution” according to the degree of pollution.
The function of this indoor toxic and harmful gas monitoring system is to provide users with a comprehensive indoor air quality monitoring and protection plan. By monitoring various pollutants in real-time and promptly alerting for ventilation, the risk of indoor pollution can be effectively reduced, ensuring the safety of the living environment and providing reliable protection for healthy living.
Keywords： microcontroller; Indoor monitoring; Toxic and harmful gases; Sensors; air quality
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 可燃气体检测模块电路设计
3.4 一氧化碳检测模块电路设计
3.5 甲醛检测模块电路设计
3.6 甲苯检测模块电路设计
3.7 多参数气体检测模块电路设计
3.8 粉尘检测模块电路设计
3.9 显示模块电路设计
3.10 按键模块电路设计
3.11 声光报警模块电路设计
3.12 继电器控制模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 PM2.5检测模块子流程设计
4.7 SGP30模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 可燃气体监测及联动功能测试
5.3 有毒气体监测及联动功能测试
5.4 挥发性有机物监测及联动功能测试
5.5 综合空气质量监测及联动功能测试
5.6 按键交互与参数设置功能测试
5.7 空气质量等级显示功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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