设计说明书
总字数：14000+
摘要
在汽车行驶过程中，前玻璃的视野清晰度直接影响驾驶安全，尤其在雨雪天气或玻璃沾染污渍时，需通过雨刮器及时清洁。传统雨刮器模式切换繁琐，自动调节能力不足，难以适配复杂多变的降雨情况，可能导致驾驶员分心操作，增加安全隐患。因此，研发一种具备多模式调节与自动响应功能的雨刮器控制系统十分必要。
本设计提出了一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的汽车前玻璃雨刮器。系统主要功能包括：自动模式下，通过雨量传感器检测挡风玻璃雨量，自动调节刮动频率；支持间歇模式、低速连续模式、高速连续模式三种手动调节模式，满足不同降雨强度需求；手动模式下轻推控制杆即可实现雨刮单次刮动复位；喷水清洁功能启动时，同步控制水泵喷射玻璃水并驱动雨刮刮动，有效清除污渍；通过 ULN2003A 芯片驱动四相五线步进电机模拟雨刮动作，继电器控制水泵工作；借助 LCD1602 显示屏实时显示当前工作模式与状态信息。
该雨刮器控制系统的作用在于，为驾驶员提供了便捷、智能的前玻璃清洁解决方案。通过多模式适配与自动调节功能，减少了驾驶员手动操作频率，确保不同天气条件下的视野清晰，提升了驾驶安全性与操作舒适性。
关键词：单片机；汽车雨刮器；雨量检测；多模式控制
Design of car front glass wiper
Abstract
During the driving process of a car, the clarity of the front glass directly affects driving safety, especially in rainy or snowy weather or when the glass is stained, it needs to be cleaned in a timely manner through a wiper. Traditional wipers have cumbersome mode switching and insufficient automatic adjustment capabilities, making it difficult to adapt to complex and changing rainfall conditions, which may lead to distracted operation by drivers and increase safety hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a wiper control system with multi-mode adjustment and automatic response functions.
This design proposes a car front glass wiper based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: in automatic mode, detecting windshield rainfall through a rain sensor and automatically adjusting the scraping frequency; Support three manual adjustment modes: intermittent mode, low-speed continuous mode, and high-speed continuous mode, to meet different rainfall intensity requirements; In manual mode, simply push the control lever to reset the wiper with a single wipe; When the water spray cleaning function is activated, it synchronously controls the water pump to spray glass water and drive the wiper to effectively remove stains; Simulate wiper action by driving a four phase five wire stepper motor with ULN2003A chip, and control the water pump operation with a relay; Real time display of current working mode and status information using the LCD1602 display screen.
The function of this wiper control system is to provide drivers with a convenient and intelligent solution for cleaning the front glass. Through multi-mode adaptation and automatic adjustment functions, the frequency of manual operation by the driver is reduced, ensuring clear visibility under different weather conditions, and improving driving safety and operational comfort.
Keywords： microcontroller; Car wipers; Rainfall detection; multi-mode control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 雨量检测模块电路设计
3.4 雨刮驱动模块电路设计
3.5 喷水控制模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 OLED显示子流程设计
4.4 独立按键子流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
4.6 步进电机子流程设计
4.7 定时器子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 自动模式功能测试
5.3 手动模式功能测试
5.4 喷水清洁功能测试
5.5 显示与交互功能测试
5.6 驱动与执行功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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