设计说明书
总字数：10000+
摘要
在汽车行驶过程中，后视镜的调节精度与除雾功能直接影响驾驶安全性。传统手动后视镜调节操作繁琐，角度控制精度低；除雾功能多依赖整车空调系统，响应慢且能耗高，尤其在雨雪天气易因镜面起雾影响视野，存在安全隐患。因此，研发一种能实现精准调节与快速除雾的电动后视镜智能控制系统具有重要实用价值。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的汽车电动后视镜智能控制系统。系统针对左后视镜，通过两个独立按键分别控制 SG90 舵机实现前后旋转调节，按下对应按键后舵机带动镜面旋转至预设角度；另设独立按键通过继电器控制加热片工作，实现左镜除雾。右后视镜采用相同控制逻辑，两个按键分别控制其舵机前后旋转调节，独立按键控制加热片除雾，确保两侧后视镜均可灵活调节与快速除雾。
该系统的作用在于，为汽车后视镜提供了智能化控制解决方案。通过精准的舵机调节实现后视镜角度按需调整，加热片快速除雾保障恶劣天气视野清晰，操作简便直观，有效提升了驾驶安全性与舒适性，降低了因视野不良引发的交通事故风险。
关键词：单片机；汽车电动后视镜；舵机调节；加热除雾；智能控制
Intelligent Control System for Automotive Electric Rearview Mirrors Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
The adjustment accuracy and defogging function of the rearview mirror directly affect driving safety during the driving process of the car. The traditional manual rearview mirror adjustment operation is cumbersome and the angle control accuracy is low; The defogging function relies heavily on the vehicle’s air conditioning system, which has a slow response and high energy consumption. Especially in rainy and snowy weather, it is prone to fogging on the mirror surface, which can affect visibility and pose safety hazards. Therefore, developing an intelligent control system for electric rearview mirrors that can achieve precise adjustment and rapid defogging has important practical value.
This design proposes an intelligent control system for automotive electric rearview mirrors based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The system targets the left rearview mirror and controls the SG90 servo motor through two independent buttons to achieve forward and backward rotation adjustment. Pressing the corresponding button drives the servo motor to rotate the mirror surface to the preset angle; An independent button is set up to control the operation of the heating element through a relay, achieving defogging of the left mirror. The right rearview mirror adopts the same control logic, with two buttons controlling the forward and backward rotation adjustment of its servo, and an independent button controlling the defogging of the heating element, ensuring that both side mirrors can be flexibly adjusted and quickly defogged.
The function of this system is to provide an intelligent control solution for car rearview mirrors. Through precise servo adjustment, the angle of the rearview mirror can be adjusted as needed, and the heating element quickly defogs to ensure clear visibility in harsh weather conditions. The operation is simple and intuitive, effectively improving driving safety and comfort, and reducing the risk of traffic accidents caused by poor visibility.
Keywords：microcontroller; Electric rearview mirror for automobiles; Servo adjustment; Heating and defogging; intelligent control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 按键模块电路设计
3.4 舵机驱动模块电路设计
3.5 加热驱动模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.6 舵机子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 仿真绘制
5.2 左后视镜旋转功能测试
5.3 左后视镜加热除雾功能测试
5.4 右后视镜旋转功能测试
5.5 右后视镜加热除雾功能测试
6 实物制作与功能测试
6.1 实物制作
6.2 左后视镜旋转功能测试
6.3 左后视镜加热除雾功能测试
6.4 右后视镜旋转功能测试
6.5 右后视镜加热除雾功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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