设计说明书
总字数：14000+
摘要
在汽车使用过程中，车窗的便捷控制与安全防护是提升驾驶体验和行车安全的重要环节。传统车窗控制系统功能单一，缺乏防夹、自动响应环境变化及远程控制等智能功能，难以满足用户对安全性和便捷性的需求。因此，研发一种集成多重控制方式与安全防护功能的智能车窗控制系统具有重要实用价值。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能车窗控制系统。系统通过两个 ULN2003A 芯片驱动 2 个步进电机，模拟实现两个车窗的升降操作；配备 3 个按键模块，其中 1 个按键控制两个车窗同时开关，另外 2 个按键分别独立控制单个车窗；集成 2 个分离式红外对射管作为防夹检测模块，当关窗过程中检测到障碍物时，系统自动控制车窗开启并触发声光报警；借助雨水检测模块（连接 DO 触发引脚）监测天气状况，当下雨时自动关闭所有车窗；通过 D203S 人体热释电感应模块感知人员是否离开，监测到人离开后自动关闭车窗；LCD1602 显示屏实时显示车窗开关状态及是否下雨的环境信息；搭载 ECBO2 蓝牙模块，可将车窗状态等监测数据上传至手机端，同时支持通过手机远程控制车窗开关。
该智能车窗控制系统的作用在于，为汽车车窗控制提供了智能化、安全化的解决方案。通过多重控制方式、防夹报警、环境自适应及远程交互功能，有效提升了车窗使用的便捷性与安全性，减少了意外风险，提升了用户的用车体验。
关键词：单片机；智能车窗；防夹检测；自动控制；蓝牙远程控制
Design of Intelligent Window Control System Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
The convenient control and safety protection of car windows are important links in improving driving experience and driving safety during the use of automobiles. The traditional window control system has a single function and lacks intelligent features such as anti pinch, automatic response to environmental changes, and remote control, making it difficult to meet users’ needs for safety and convenience. Therefore, developing an intelligent window control system that integrates multiple control methods and safety protection functions has important practical value.
This design proposes an intelligent car window control system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The system drives two stepper motors through two ULN2003A chips to simulate the lifting operation of two car windows; Equipped with three button modules, one button controls the simultaneous opening and closing of two windows, while the other two buttons independently control a single window; Integrate two separate infrared tubes as anti pinch detection modules. When obstacles are detected during the window closing process, the system automatically controls the window to open and triggers an audible and visual alarm; By using a rainwater detection module (connected to the DO trigger pin) to monitor weather conditions, all windows will automatically close when it rains; Sensing whether a person has left through the D203S human body pyroelectric induction module, and automatically closing the car window upon detecting the person’s departure; The LCD1602 display screen displays real-time information on the status of the car window switch and whether it is raining; Equipped with ECBO2 Bluetooth module, it can upload monitoring data such as window status to the mobile phone, and also support remote control of window switches through the mobile phone.
The function of this intelligent window control system is to provide an intelligent and safe solution for car window control. Through multiple control methods, anti pinch alarm, environmental adaptation, and remote interaction functions, the convenience and safety of using car windows have been effectively improved, the risk of accidents has been reduced, and the user’s driving experience has been enhanced.
Keywords： microcontroller; Smart car windows; Anti pinch detection; Auto-Control; bluetooth remote control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 步进电机驱动模块电路设计
3.4 按键模块电路设计
3.5 防夹检测模块电路设计
3.6 雨水检测模块电路设计
3.7 人体热释电感应模块电路设计
3.8 显示模块电路设计
3.9 蓝牙模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.2 LCD1602显示模块子流程设计
4.5 步进电机子流程设计
4.6 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 车窗驱动及按键控制功能测试
5.3 防夹检测及声光报警功能测试
5.4 环境自适应功能测试
5.5 显示功能测试
5.6 蓝牙远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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