设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
在教学环境中，黑板书写产生的粉尘不仅影响教室空气质量，长期吸入还会危害师生呼吸系统健康，尤其是教师群体因长期接触粉尘易引发慢性呼吸道疾病。因此，研发一种能自动、高效清除黑板粉尘的装置具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出了一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的黑板粉尘清除装置。系统主要功能包括：通过 FSR402 压力检测模块感知压力信号，触发吸尘风扇自动启动以清除粉尘；借助 GP2Y1014AU 粉尘监测模块实时监测黑板周围粉尘浓度，当浓度超过预设最大值时，自动通过继电器启动吸尘器进行粉尘清除；通过 OLED 显示屏实时展示当前粉尘浓度及设置的阈值；用户可通过按键调节浓度阈值，还能切换压力检测模块与粉尘监测模块的工作模式，两种模式分别通过不同颜色 LED 灯进行可视化指示，同时单片机预留串口接口便于后期功能拓展。
该黑板粉尘清除装置的作用在于，为教室环境提供了一种智能、便捷的粉尘治理方案。通过自动检测与及时清除粉尘，能够有效降低教室内粉尘浓度，改善教学环境质量，减少粉尘对师生健康的潜在危害，提升教学舒适度。
关键词：单片机；黑板粉尘清除；压力检测；粉尘监测
Blackboard dust removal device based on STM32 microcontroller
Abstract
In the teaching environment, the dust generated by blackboard writing not only affects the air quality of the classroom, but long-term inhalation can also harm the respiratory health of teachers and students, especially for the teacher group who are prone to chronic respiratory diseases due to long-term exposure to dust. Therefore, developing a device that can automatically and efficiently remove blackboard dust is of great practical significance.
This design proposes a blackboard dust removal device based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The main functions of the system include: sensing pressure signals through the FSR402 pressure detection module, triggering the vacuum fan to automatically start to remove dust; Real time monitoring of dust concentration around the blackboard using the GP2Y1014AU dust monitoring module. When the concentration exceeds the preset maximum value, the vacuum cleaner is automatically activated through a relay for dust removal; Real time display of current dust concentration and set threshold through OLED display screen; Users can adjust the concentration threshold through buttons and switch the working modes of the pressure detection module and dust monitoring module. The two modes are visually indicated by different colored LED lights, and the microcontroller reserves a serial port interface for later functional expansion.
The function of this blackboard dust removal device is to provide an intelligent and convenient dust control solution for the classroom environment. By automatically detecting and promptly removing dust, the concentration of dust in the classroom can be effectively reduced, the quality of the teaching environment can be improved, the potential harm of dust to the health of teachers and students can be reduced, and teaching comfort can be enhanced.
Keywords：microcontroller; Blackboard dust removal; Pressure detection; dust monitoring
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 压力检测模块电路设计
3.4 粉尘监测模块电路设计
3.5 执行模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 LED 指示模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 OLED显示流程设计
4.5 ADC模数转换子流程设计
5 仿真绘制与功能测试
5.1 仿真绘制
5.2 压力检测与吸尘控制功能仿真测试
5.3 粉尘监测与阈值控制功能仿真测试
5.4 OLED 显示功能仿真测试
5.5 按键与模式切换功能仿真测试
5.6 LED 指示与串口拓展功能仿真测试
6 实物制作与功能测试
6.1 实物制作
6.2 压力检测与吸尘控制功能测试
6.3 粉尘监测与阈值控制功能测试
6.4 OLED 显示功能测试
6.5 按键与模式切换功能测试
6.6 LED 指示与串口拓展功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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