设计说明书
总字数：21000+
摘要
在现代仓储管理中，仓库环境稳定（温湿度控制）、货物安全（防有害动物、防火）及库存精准计数是保障货物质量、降低损耗的核心环节。当前传统仓库管理多依赖人工巡检，存在温湿度监测滞后、有害动物难以及时发现、货物计数易出错、异常情况预警不及时等问题，尤其对存储精密仪器、食品、药品等对环境敏感的货物而言，可能因环境失控或安全隐患造成重大经济损失，因此研发一款自动化、智能化的仓库管理系统具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能仓库管理系统。在温湿度监测与报警模块，通过 DHT11 传感器实时采集仓库内温湿度数据，当温湿度超过用户设置的上下限阈值时，系统控制红灯闪烁、蜂鸣器间断报警，用户也可通过按键提前取消报警，确保环境稳定；在有害动物检测模块，借助 D203S 红外热释电感应模块监测仓库内是否存在有害动物，若检测到则触发黄灯闪烁与蜂鸣器间断报警，及时防范动物对货物的破坏；在阈值设置模块，用户可通过按键自由调整温湿度上下限阈值，适配不同货物的存储环境需求；在数据显示模块，通过 LCD1602 显示屏清晰展示实时温湿度、温湿度阈值、货物数量及各类报警状态，方便管理人员直观掌握仓库情况；在货物计数模块，利用 RFID-RC522 模块对货物进行扫描计数，支持三张指定 RFID 卡，每张卡首次扫描时货物数量加 1，相同卡再次扫描时数量减 1，实现库存精准统计；在火焰报警模块，通过 YS-17 火焰传感器监测仓库内是否出现火焰，若检测到火焰且同时温度过高，系统立即启动蜂鸣器报警，提醒管理人员及时处置火情；在远程数据同步模块，通过 ECBO2 蓝牙模块将实时温湿度、货物数量等数据发送至手机端，当检测到有害动物时，还会同步发送 “请注意，出现有害动物” 的提醒信息，实现远程监控与预警。
该智能仓库管理系统为仓储管理提供了一体化的自动化解决方案，通过实时监测、及时报警、精准计数与远程同步，有效降低人工管理成本，提升仓库管理效率与安全性，保障货物存储质量，为现代仓储智能化发展提供有力支撑。
关键词：单片机；智能仓库管理系统；温湿度监测；RFID 计数；远程预警
Intelligent Warehouse Management System
Abstract
In modern warehouse management, stable warehouse environment (temperature and humidity control), safe goods (prevention of harmful animals and fire), and accurate inventory counting are the core links to ensure the quality of goods and reduce losses. The current traditional warehouse management relies heavily on manual inspections, which have problems such as lagging temperature and humidity monitoring, difficulty in detecting harmful animals in a timely manner, error prone goods counting, and untimely warning of abnormal situations. Especially for storing precision instruments, food, drugs, and other environmentally sensitive goods, significant economic losses may occur due to environmental control or safety hazards. Therefore, developing an automated and intelligent warehouse management system is of great practical significance.
This design proposes an intelligent warehouse management system based on STC89C52 microcontroller. In the temperature and humidity monitoring and alarm module, real-time temperature and humidity data in the warehouse is collected through the DHT11 sensor. When the temperature and humidity exceed the upper and lower limit thresholds set by the user, the system controls the red light to flash and the buzzer to intermittently sound an alarm. The user can also cancel the alarm in advance by pressing the button to ensure environmental stability; In the harmful animal detection module, the D203S infrared pyroelectric induction module is used to monitor whether there are harmful animals in the warehouse. If detected, the yellow light will flash and the buzzer will intermittently sound an alarm to prevent animals from damaging the goods in a timely manner; In the threshold setting module, users can freely adjust the upper and lower threshold values of temperature and humidity through buttons, adapting to the storage environment requirements of different goods; In the data display module, real-time temperature and humidity, temperature and humidity thresholds, quantity of goods, and various alarm statuses are clearly displayed on the LCD1602 screen, making it convenient for management personnel to intuitively grasp the warehouse situation; In the cargo counting module, the RFID-RC522 module is used to scan and count the cargo, supporting three specified RFID cards. When each card is scanned for the first time, the quantity of cargo is increased by 1, and when the same card is scanned again, the quantity is decreased by 1, achieving accurate inventory statistics; In the flame alarm module, the YS-17 flame sensor is used to monitor whether there is a flame in the warehouse. If a flame is detected and the temperature is too high at the same time, the system immediately activates the buzzer alarm to remind management personnel to handle the fire situation in a timely manner; In the remote data synchronization module, real-time temperature, humidity, quantity of goods and other data are sent to the mobile phone through the ECBO2 Bluetooth module. When harmful animals are detected, a reminder message “Please be aware, harmful animals have appeared” will also be sent synchronously, achieving remote monitoring and early warning.
This intelligent warehouse management system provides an integrated automation solution for warehouse management. Through real-time monitoring, timely alarms, accurate counting, and remote synchronization, it effectively reduces manual management costs, improves warehouse management efficiency and safety, ensures the quality of goods storage, and provides strong support for the development of modern intelligent warehousing.
Keywords：microcontroller; Intelligent warehouse management system; Temperature and humidity monitoring; RFID counting; DEW
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 有害动物检测模块电路设计
3.5 火焰检测模块电路设计
3.6 货物计数模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 报警模块电路设计
3.10 远程通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.4 LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
4.5 独立按键子流程设计
4.6 火焰检测模块子流程设计
4.7 人体热释电感应模块子流程设计
4.8 RFID模块子流程设计
4.9 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度检测与报警功能测试
5.3 有害动物检测功能测试
5.4 火焰检测功能测试
5.5 阈值设置与显示功能测试
5.6 RFID 货物计数功能测试
5.7 蓝牙远程同步功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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