设计说明书
总字数：16000+
摘要
随着智能家居理念的普及和人们对便捷生活需求的提升，家居环境的自动化控制成为生活品质升级的重要方向。传统窗帘依赖人工操作，难以根据环境变化实时调整，且无法直观反馈工作状态，在便捷性与智能化方面存在明显不足。因此，研发一款能自动响应环境变化、具备状态反馈与手动调节功能的智能窗帘，对提升家居生活的便利性与智能化水平具有重要意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的智能窗帘系统，核心功能涵盖多维度控制与状态反馈：通过 5516 光照检测模块实时采集环境光照值，当光照大于预设最大值时，窗帘自动全开；光照小于预设最小值时，窗帘自动全关；光照处于最大值与最小值之间时，窗帘保持半开状态，且整个过程通过 ULN2003A 驱动芯片控制四相五线步进电机模拟窗帘的开合动作；借助 CN-TTS 语音播报模块，实时播报窗帘当前的全开、全关、半开等工作状态，实现听觉层面的状态反馈；通过 MAX7219 点阵显示器直观显示窗帘的上升 “⬆️”、下降 “⬇️” 与 “停止” 三种运行状态，满足视觉层面的信息获取需求；设置自动模式指示灯（LED 灯），当系统处于自动模式时指示灯点亮，切换至手动模式时指示灯关闭，清晰区分工作模式；同时，用户可通过按键灵活设置窗帘的开关速度、运行方向，并在自动模式与手动模式之间自由切换，兼顾自动化与个性化操作需求。
该智能窗帘系统的应用价值在于，既实现了基于环境光照的自动化控制，减少人工干预，又通过语音、显示模块实现了全面的状态反馈，还保留了手动调节的灵活性。其不仅提升了家居生活的便捷性与智能化体验，也为智能家居环境的构建提供了实用的控制单元，有助于推动家居自动化的普及与发展。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；智能窗帘；光照检测；步进电机驱动；语音播报；状态显示
Design of Intelligent Curtains Based on Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the popularization of smart home concepts and the increasing demand for convenient living, automation control of home environments has become an important direction for upgrading the quality of life. Traditional curtains rely on manual operation, which makes it difficult to adjust them in real-time according to environmental changes, and cannot provide intuitive feedback on their working status, resulting in significant shortcomings in convenience and intelligence. Therefore, developing an intelligent curtain that can automatically respond to environmental changes, with status feedback and manual adjustment functions, is of great significance for improving the convenience and intelligence level of home life.
This design proposes an intelligent curtain system based on STC89C52 microcontroller, with core functions including multi-dimensional control and status feedback: real-time collection of environmental lighting values through the 5516 lighting detection module, and automatic opening of curtains when the lighting exceeds the preset maximum value; When the lighting is below the preset minimum value, the curtains will automatically close completely; When the lighting is between the maximum and minimum values, the curtains remain in a semi open state, and the entire process is controlled by the ULN2003A driver chip to simulate the opening and closing action of the curtains using a four phase five wire stepper motor; With the help of the CN-TTS voice broadcasting module, real-time broadcasting of the current working status of curtains, such as fully open, fully closed, and partially open, is achieved to provide auditory feedback on the status; Visually display the rise of curtains through MAX7219 dot matrix display、 Decrease Meet the visual information acquisition needs with the three operating states of “stop”; Set the automatic mode indicator light (LED light), which lights up when the system is in automatic mode and turns off when switching to manual mode, clearly distinguishing the working mode; At the same time, users can flexibly set the opening and closing speed and running direction of curtains through buttons, and freely switch between automatic mode and manual mode, balancing automation and personalized operation needs.
The application value of this intelligent curtain system lies in its ability to achieve automated control based on ambient lighting, reduce manual intervention, provide comprehensive status feedback through voice and display modules, and retain the flexibility of manual adjustment. It not only enhances the convenience and intelligent experience of home life, but also provides practical control units for the construction of smart home environments, which helps promote the popularization and development of home automation.
Keywords：STC89C52 microcontroller; Intelligent curtains; Light detection; Stepper motor drive; Voice broadcasting; status display
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 光照检测模块电路设计
3.4 电机驱动与执行模块电路设计
3.5 语音播报模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 自动模式指示灯模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 A/D模数转换子流程
4.5 步进电机子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 自动光照控制与电机动作功能测试
5.3 状态播报与显示功能测试
5.4 模式切换与指示灯功能测试
5.5 手动按键调节功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序