设计说明书
总字数：15000+
摘要
随着人们对居住环境健康关注度的提升，室内温湿度、甲醛、甲苯、TVOC 等参数的精准监测，成为保障人体健康、避免空气污染危害的关键环节。当前室内环境管理中，存在污染物难实时监测、空气质量等级难直观判断、异常情况难及时预警等问题，长期暴露于不良室内环境可能引发呼吸道疾病、过敏等健康隐患。因此，研发一套能全面覆盖多参数监测、等级划分与异常报警的室内空气质量检测系统十分必要。
本设计提出一种基于 STM32F103C8T6 单片机的室内空气质量检测系统。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 模块采集室内温湿度数据；MS1100 模块精准监测甲醛浓度；MQ-135 模块检测甲苯浓度；SGP30 模块获取 TVOC 浓度；支持按键设置各污染物及温湿度的最大值阈值；OLED 液晶显示屏实时显示所有监测数据及对应的空气质量等级（按预设标准划分优、良、中、差）；当任意参数超过设定最大值时，系统触发报警提醒；同时根据多参数综合判定室内空气质量等级，为用户提供直观参考。
该系统为室内空气质量管理提供了便捷高效的解决方案，通过多维度参数监测与智能化处理，能实时反馈室内环境状态、精准预警污染风险、直观展示空气质量等级，帮助用户及时采取通风、净化等措施，有效改善室内居住环境，保障人体健康，提升生活品质。
关键词：单片机；室内空气质量检测；多参数监测；空气质量等级；异常报警
Indoor air quality detection system based on microcontroller
Abstract
With the increasing attention of people to the health of living environments, precise monitoring of indoor temperature and humidity, formaldehyde, toluene, TVOC and other parameters has become a key link in ensuring human health and avoiding air pollution hazards. In current indoor environmental management, there are problems such as difficulty in real-time monitoring of pollutants, difficulty in visually judging air quality levels, and difficulty in timely warning of abnormal situations. Long term exposure to adverse indoor environments may lead to health hazards such as respiratory diseases and allergies. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an indoor air quality detection system that can comprehensively cover multi parameter monitoring, level classification, and abnormal alarm.
This design proposes an indoor air quality detection system based on STM32F103C8T6 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: collecting indoor temperature and humidity data through the DHT11 module; MS1100 module accurately monitors formaldehyde concentration; MQ-135 module detects toluene concentration; SGP30 module obtains TVOC concentration; Support button setting of maximum threshold values for various pollutants and temperature and humidity; The OLED LCD display screen displays all monitoring data and corresponding air quality levels in real time (divided into excellent, good, medium, and poor according to preset standards); When any parameter exceeds the set maximum value, the system triggers an alarm reminder; Simultaneously, based on multiple parameters, the indoor air quality level is comprehensively determined, providing users with intuitive reference.
This system provides a convenient and efficient solution for indoor air quality management. Through multi-dimensional parameter monitoring and intelligent processing, it can provide real-time feedback on indoor environmental status, accurately warn pollution risks, visually display air quality levels, help users take timely ventilation, purification and other measures, effectively improve indoor living environment, protect human health, and enhance quality of life.
Keywords： microcontroller; Indoor air quality testing; Multi parameter monitoring; Air quality level; abnormal alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 甲醛检测模块电路设计
3.5 甲苯检测模块电路设计
3.6 TVOC 检测模块电路设计
3.7 显示模块电路设计
3.8 按键模块电路设计
3.9 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 甲醛检测模块子流程设计
4.6 SGP30模块子流程设计
4.7 OLED显示流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 多参数监测与显示功能测试
5.3 按键参数设置功能测试
5.4 声光报警功能测试
5.5 空气质量等级判定功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序