设计说明书
总字数：19000+
摘要
随着养宠人群日益增多，宠物喂养的科学性与便捷性成为养宠者关注的核心需求。现代生活节奏快，养宠者常因工作、出差等原因无法按时投喂，导致宠物饮食不规律；传统手动喂食依赖主观经验控制食量，易引发宠物肥胖或营养不良，且缺乏对喂养环境温湿度的监测，难以保障宠物进食舒适度。因此，研发一款能自动定时投喂、精准控量、环境适配且支持远程交互的智能宠物喂食器，对保障宠物健康、减轻养宠者负担具有重要现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的宠物喂食器。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 温湿度传感器实时监测喂养环境温湿度，HX711 重量模块采集食物重量；支持通过按键设置 3 个定时投喂时间点、食物重量上下阈值，同时可触发手动投喂；借助 DS1302 时钟模块获取实时时间，到达设定时间且食物重量低于下限阈值时，单片机控制继电器驱动直流电机自动投喂，重量达到上限阈值时停止投喂；LCD1602 显示屏实时展示当前温湿度、食物重量及设定的重量阈值；通过 ECBO2 蓝牙模块将数据传输至手机端，用户可在手机端查看数据并控制投喂开关。
该宠物喂食器的作用在于，为养宠者提供了便捷、精准的喂养解决方案：自动定时投喂与精准控量功能解决了饮食不规律、食量不当的问题；温湿度监测帮助养宠者掌握宠物进食环境状态；蓝牙远程控制满足养宠者不在场时的喂养需求。通过多模块协同工作，有效提升宠物喂养的科学性与便利性，减轻养宠压力，保障宠物健康成长。
关键词：STC89C52；宠物喂食器；自动投喂；温湿度监测；蓝牙远程控制
Pet feeder based on microcontroller
Abstract
With the increasing number of pet owners, the scientific and convenient nature of pet feeding has become a core concern for pet owners. The pace of modern life is fast, and pet owners often cannot feed their pets on time due to work, business trips, and other reasons, resulting in irregular diets for pets; Traditional manual feeding relies on subjective experience to control food intake, which can easily lead to pet obesity or malnutrition, and lacks monitoring of the temperature and humidity of the feeding environment, making it difficult to ensure pet feeding comfort. Therefore, developing an intelligent pet feeder that can automatically schedule feeding, accurately control quantity, adapt to the environment, and support remote interaction is of great practical significance for ensuring pet health and reducing the burden on pet owners.
This design proposes a pet feeder based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of feeding environment temperature and humidity through DHT11 temperature and humidity sensor, and collection of food weight through HX711 weight module; Support setting 3 timed feeding time points and food weight threshold values through buttons, and can also trigger manual feeding; Using the DS1302 clock module to obtain real-time time, when the set time is reached and the weight of the food is below the lower threshold, the microcontroller controls the relay to drive the DC motor to automatically feed, and stops feeding when the weight reaches the upper threshold; The LCD1602 display screen displays the current temperature and humidity, food weight, and the set weight threshold in real-time; The data is transmitted to the mobile phone through the ECBO2 Bluetooth module, and users can view the data and control the feeding switch on the mobile phone.
The function of this pet feeder is to provide pet owners with convenient and accurate feeding solutions: automatic timed feeding and precise quantity control functions solve the problems of irregular eating and improper food intake; Temperature and humidity monitoring helps pet owners grasp the status of their pets’ feeding environment; Bluetooth remote control meets the feeding needs of pet owners when they are not present. By collaborating with multiple modules, the scientific and convenient nature of pet feeding can be effectively improved, reducing the pressure of pet ownership and ensuring the healthy growth of pets.
Keywords：STC89C52; Pet feeders; Automatic feeding; Temperature and humidity monitoring; bluetooth remote control
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 重量检测模块电路设计
3.5 时钟模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 出食驱动模块电路设计
3.9 蓝牙通信模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程设计
4.5 称重模块HX711模块子流程
4.6 时钟模块子流程设计
4.7 LCD1602显示屏子流程设计
4.8 蓝牙模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 温湿度与重量检测及显示功能测试
5.3 按键设置与手动投喂功能测试
5.4 定时投喂功能测试
5.5 蓝牙通信与远程控制功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序