设计说明书
总字数：18000+
摘要
随着人们对生活环境质量关注度的不断提升，实时、准确掌握环境中的温湿度、光照强度及有害气体含量，成为保障居住健康与生活舒适度的重要需求。若环境中温湿度异常、光照不适，或一氧化碳（CO）、有害气体浓度超标却未能及时察觉，可能会对人体健康造成潜在威胁，因此研发一款集成多参数监测、预警与数据传输功能的环境检测仪具有重要实用价值。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的多功能环境检测仪。系统核心功能包括：通过 DHT11 传感器实时监测当前环境的温湿度数据；借助 5516 光照传感器精准检测环境中的光照强度；利用 MQ-7 传感器与 MQ-135 传感器分别监测环境中的一氧化碳（CO）浓度及有害气体浓度；通过 LCD1602 液晶显示屏实时清晰展示各项监测参数，方便用户直观查看；用户可通过按键自主设置有害气体与一氧化碳的浓度最大值阈值；当系统监测到一氧化碳浓度或有害气体浓度超过预设最大值时，会立即启动声光报警功能进行提醒；此外，系统可通过 ECB02 蓝牙模块将所有监测数据传输至手机端，实现数据的远程查看与留存。
该多功能环境检测仪的作用在于，为用户提供了一种全面、便捷的环境质量监测工具。通过多参数同步监测、阈值预警与远程数据传输，既能帮助用户实时掌握居住环境状况，又能在有害气体超标时及时发出警示，便于用户迅速采取应对措施，有效降低环境因素对健康的潜在风险，为营造安全、舒适的生活环境提供有力保障。
关键词：：STC89C52 单片机；多功能环境检测仪；多参数监测；声光报警；蓝牙传输
Design of Multi functional Environment Detector Based on 51 Single Chip Microcomputer
Abstract
With the continuous increase in people’s attention to the quality of living environment, real-time and accurate monitoring of temperature, humidity, light intensity, and harmful gas content in the environment has become an important requirement for ensuring living health and comfort. If the temperature and humidity in the environment are abnormal, the light is not suitable, or the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and harmful gases exceeds the standard but is not detected in a timely manner, it may pose a potential threat to human health. Therefore, developing an environmental detection instrument that integrates multi parameter monitoring, warning, and data transmission functions has important practical value.
This design proposes a multifunctional environment detection device based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time monitoring of temperature and humidity data in the current environment through DHT11 sensors; Using the 5516 light sensor to accurately detect the intensity of light in the environment; Monitor the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) and harmful gases in the environment using MQ-7 and MQ-135 sensors, respectively; Real time and clear display of various monitoring parameters through LCD1602 LCD screen, convenient for users to intuitively view; Users can independently set the maximum concentration threshold of harmful gases and carbon monoxide through buttons; When the system detects that the concentration of carbon monoxide or harmful gases exceeds the preset maximum value, it will immediately activate the sound and light alarm function for reminder; In addition, the system can transmit all monitoring data to the mobile phone through the ECB02 Bluetooth module, enabling remote viewing and retention of data.
The purpose of this multifunctional environmental monitoring device is to provide users with a comprehensive and convenient tool for monitoring environmental quality. Through multi parameter synchronous monitoring, threshold warning, and remote data transmission, users can not only grasp the living environment status in real time, but also issue timely warnings when harmful gases exceed the standard, which facilitates users to take quick response measures and effectively reduces the potential risks of environmental factors to health, providing strong guarantees for creating a safe and comfortable living environment.
Keywords：STC89C52 microcontroller; Multi functional environmental detector; Multi parameter monitoring; Sound and light alarm; Bluetooth transmission
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 温湿度检测模块电路设计
3.4 光照检测模块电路设计
3.5 气体检测模块电路设计
3.6 显示模块电路设计
3.7 按键模块电路设计
3.8 声光报警模块电路设计
3.9 蓝牙模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 系统主流程设计
4.3 独立按键
4.4 温湿度检测模块子流程
4.5 蓝牙模块子流程
4.6 A/D模数转换子流程
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 环境参数检测及显示功能测试
5.3 阈值设置功能测试
5.4 CO 浓度超标声光报警功能测试
5.5 有害气体浓度超标声光报警功能测试
5.6 蓝牙数据传输功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序
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