设计说明书
总字数：13000+
摘要
在注重卫生防护与便捷生活的现代社会，手部清洁是预防细菌病毒传播、保障公共卫生安全的重要环节。传统手动按压式洗手液需直接接触按压部件，易造成交叉感染风险，尤其在人流密集的公共场所（如医院、学校、商场），这一问题更为突出；同时，手动按压式洗手液常因无法及时察觉液位不足导致使用中断，影响清洁体验。因此，研发一款兼具无接触操作、自动供液与液位预警功能的洗手液设备，具有重要的现实意义。
本设计提出一种基于 STC89C52 单片机的无接触自动洗手液。系统核心功能包括：通过红外避障模块实时检测是否有人手靠近，作为触发供液的信号；当检测到人手时，单片机控制继电器驱动水泵运转，自动抽取洗手液实现非接触式供液；借助 YW-01 液位监测模块持续监测洗手液存储容器内的液位高度；当监测到洗手液液位低于预设阈值（即洗手液不足）时，系统自动启动声光报警模块，提醒工作人员及时补充洗手液。
该无接触自动洗手液的作用在于，为用户提供了一种卫生、便捷的手部清洁解决方案。通过无接触触发设计，有效避免了交叉感染风险，提升了公共卫生安全水平；自动供液功能简化了操作流程，适配各类人群使用；液位报警功能则确保设备始终处于可用状态，避免因洗手液不足影响使用。整体设计既满足了日常清洁需求，又契合了现代社会对卫生防护与便捷生活的追求，可广泛应用于家庭、公共场所等多种场景。
关键词：STC89C52 单片机；无接触自动洗手液；红外检测；液位监测；声光报警
Contactless automatic hand sanitizer
Abstract
In modern society that emphasizes hygiene protection and convenient living, hand hygiene is an important part of preventing the spread of bacteria and viruses and ensuring public health safety. Traditional manual hand sanitizers require direct contact with the pressing components, which can pose a risk of cross infection, especially in crowded public places such as hospitals, schools, and shopping malls, where this problem is more prominent; At the same time, manual hand sanitizer is often interrupted due to the inability to detect insufficient liquid level in a timely manner, which affects the cleaning experience. Therefore, developing a hand sanitizer device that combines contactless operation, automatic liquid supply, and liquid level warning functions has important practical significance.
This design proposes a contactless automatic hand sanitizer based on STC89C52 microcontroller. The core functions of the system include: real-time detection of human hands approaching through an infrared obstacle avoidance module as a signal to trigger liquid supply; When human hands are detected, the microcontroller controls the relay to drive the water pump to operate, automatically extracting hand sanitizer to achieve non-contact liquid supply; Continuously monitor the liquid level in the hand sanitizer storage container using the YW-01 liquid level monitoring module; When the liquid level of hand sanitizer is detected to be below the preset threshold (i.e. insufficient hand sanitizer), the system automatically activates the sound and light alarm module to remind staff to replenish hand sanitizer in a timely manner.
The function of this contactless automatic hand sanitizer is to provide users with a hygienic and convenient solution for hand cleaning. Through contactless triggering design, the risk of cross infection has been effectively avoided, and the level of public health safety has been improved; The automatic liquid supply function simplifies the operation process and is suitable for use by various groups of people; The liquid level alarm function ensures that the equipment is always in a usable state, avoiding the impact of insufficient hand sanitizer on use. The overall design meets both daily cleaning needs and modern society’s pursuit of hygiene protection and convenient living, and can be widely applied in various scenarios such as homes and public places.
Keywords： STC89C52 microcontroller; Contactless automatic hand sanitizer; Infrared detection; Liquid level monitoring; audible and visual alarm
目 录
1 绪论
1.1 研究背景及意义
1.2 国内外研究现状
1.3 主要内容
2 系统总体方案设计
2.1系统总体设计
2.2 主要模块方案选择
3 系统硬件设计
3.1 总体硬件框架
3.2 主控模块电路设计
3.3 红外避障模块电路设计
3.4 液位监测模块电路设计
3.5 继电器与水泵模块电路设计
3.6 声光报警模块电路设计
4 系统程序设计
4.1 编程软件介绍
4.2 主程序流程设计
4.3 红外避障模块子流程设计
4.4 液位检测模块子流程设计
5 实物制作与功能测试
5.1 实物制作
5.2 红外感应自动供液功能测试
5.3 液位监测与声光报警功能测试
6 总结
参考文献
致谢
附录A 原理图
附录B PCB
附录C 主程序